| adjective clause | also called a relative clause; it functions in a sentence like an adjective. Ex.: I couldn't afford the car that I wanted to buy.
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| adverb clause | a clause that functions in a sentence like an adverb; answers questions such as why and when. Ex.: Because it began to rain, the party was ruined.
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| appositive | a word group that renames or further defines a noun or pronoun. Ex.: The teacher, a mean old woman, hit my wrist with a ruler.
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| coordinating conjunctions | words that connect sentence parts of equal value: and, but, or, so, yet, nor, for
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| gerund | verb form ending in -ing that is used like a noun. Ex.: Swimming.
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| noun clause | a subordinate clause that functions like a noun in a sentence. Ex.: What the teacher did shocked all of us.
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| prepositions | words that link nouns and pronouns
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| subordinating conjunctions | words that connect dependent and independent clauses. Examples include because, since, so that, while, though, and rather than.
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