| Anton's syndrome | A neurological condition in which a cortically blind person denies his or her blindness.
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| Charles Bonnet syndrome | A condition, not associated with dementia, where a visually impaired individual reports seeing things that are not really present.
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| dualism | The philosophical view that mental events need not be associated with neural events. See materialism.
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| Event-related potential (ERP) | Electrical brain activity measured from the scalp and evoked by a stimulus event. Also known as evoked potential (EP).
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| far senses (distance senses) | Senses, such as vision, that enable an organism to perceive objects or events some distance away. See near senses.
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| fMRI | Functional magnetic resonance imaging, a for localizing regions of neural activity within the brain. See PET.
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| illusions | Perceptual "errors" where a quality of a sensory experience deviates from what would be expected based on the physical characteristics of the stimulus evoking that experience.
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| kinesthesis | Information about the movement and position of a limb that derives from receptors that are in the muscles, tendons, and joints of that limb.
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| lesion | Damage to a restricted region of the body, particularly some portion of the nervous system.
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| materialism | The philosophical view that ascribes all mental experiences to neural events. See dualism.
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| naive realism | The philosophical view that perception accurately portrays all objects and events in the world.
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| near senses | Senses, such as touch, that require close proximity between the perceiver and the object or event to be perceived. See far senses.
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| Necker cube | An outline drawing of a cube that can be seen in either of two perspective views. See bistable figure.
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| perception | The acquisition and processing of sensory information in order to see, hear, taste, smell, or feel objects in the world; also guides an organism's actions with respect to those objects. Perception may involve conscious awareness of objects and events; this awareness is termed a percept.
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| PET scan | An image of the brain, or other structure, that is created by means of positron emission tomography.
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| psychophysics | The branch of perception that is concerned with establishing quantitative relations between physical stimulation and perceptual events.
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| sensory transduction | The process occurring within sensory receptors by which physical energy (stimulus) is converted into neural signals.
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| solipsism | The belief that no one exists other than oneself.
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| specific nerve energies | The doctrine that the qualitative nature of a sensation depends on which particular nerve fibers are stimulated.
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| stimulus | The pattern of physical energy set up by an object or event in the environment.
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| subjective idealism | The view that the physical world is entirely the product of the mind.
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| transcranial magnetic stimulation | Called TMS; a technique whereby a brief, intense pulse of magnetic energy is applied to the scalp to disrupt temporarily normal neural processing.
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