(See related pages)
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| aerial perspective | the means of representing distance that relies on the imitation of the ways atmosphere affects the eye—outlines are blurred, details lost, contrasts of light and shade diminished, hues bluer, and colors less vivid; also called "atmospheric perspective" |
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| clavichord (French, clavier, meaning "keyboard") | a stringed keyboard instrument widely used between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries; when the player presses down on a key, a brass tangent or blade rises and strikes a string |
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| contrapposto (Italian, "counterpoised") | a position assumed by the human body in which one part is turned in opposition to another part |
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| drum | the cylindrical section immediately beneath the dome of a building |
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| harpsichord | a stringed keyboard instrument widely used between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries; when the player presses down on a key, a quill, called a plectrum, plucks the string |
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| imitation | a technique whereby a melodic fragment introduced in the first voice of a composition is repeated closely (though usually at a different pitch) in the second, third, and fourth voices, so that one voice overlaps the next; the repetition may be exactly the same as the original, or it may differ somewhat |
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| intarsia | a type of marquetry (see chapter 21) involving the technique of wood inlay |
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| interval | the distance between the pitches of two musical tones |
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| lantern | a small, windowed tower on top of a roof or dome that allows light to enter the interior of a building |
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| linear perspective (or optical perspective) | a method of creating the semblance of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface; it derives from two optical illusions: (1) parallel lines appear to converge as they recede toward a vanishing point on a horizon level with the viewer's eye, and (2) objects appear to shrink and move closer together as they recede from view |
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| madrigal | a vernacular song, usually composed for three to six unaccompanied voices |
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| organ | a keyboard instrument in which keyboards and pedals are used to force air into a series of pipes, causing them to sound |
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| picture plane | the two-dimensional surface of a panel or canvas |
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| pilaster | a shallow, flattened, rectangular column or pier attached to a wall surface |
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| word painting | the manipulation of music to convey a specific object, thought, or mood—that is, the content of the text |