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1 | | Carrier-mediated transport may be divided into diffusion and active transport. |
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2 | | Simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are all considered transport. |
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3 | | The difference in concentration between two solutions is known as a . |
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4 | | fibrosis is a genetic defect that results in abnormal NaCl and water movement across wet epithelial membranes. |
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5 | | Gas exchange between tissue cells and their extracellular environments occurs by . |
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6 | | Tiny ion channels in the cell membrane are provided by special membrane proteins called proteins, that usually span the thickness of the membrane. |
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7 | | In order for osmosis to occur, the membrane must be permeable; that is to be more permeable to water molecules than to solutes. |
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8 | | Metastasis of some cancer cells results when the cancer cells produce active forms of , the enzymes that are normally inactive and act to breakdown the collagen of the basal lamina. |
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9 | | Solutes such as proteins that are impermeable through cell membranes are said to be active. |
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10 | | The unit of weight containing Avogadro's number of molecules (6.02 x 1023) is called a . |
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11 | | A one molal solution contains one mole of solute dissolved in one of water. |
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12 | | When describing body fluids such as plasma, the total molality of that fluid is usually expressed as its . |
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13 | | One mole of any solute per liter depresses the freezing point of water by °C. |
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14 | | Since 5% dextrose, normal saline (0.9%), and Ringer's lactate, all have the same osmolality as plasma and are, thus, said to be to plasma. |
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15 | | Solutions with a lower osmotic pressure than plasma are relative to plasma. |
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16 | | Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution will undergo the process known as . |
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17 | | Neurons located in the hypothalamus that are responsible for sensing blood plasma osmolality and osmotic pressure are called . |
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18 | | hormone is released from the posterior pituitary whenever plasma osmolality increases. |
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19 | | Some snake venoms prevent the binding of the glycoprotein to blood platelets which then inhibits blood clotting. |
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20 | | The three characteristics of membrane proteins carriers that are in common with enzyme proteins are specificity, , and saturation. |
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21 | | Glyucosuria (the presence of glucose in the urine) occurs when the glucose protein in the kidney is saturated. |
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22 | | Primary active transport pumps require recognition of a carrier protein and the hydrolysis of cellular energy in the form of . |
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23 | | Secondary active transport is also known as . |
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24 | | Due to the presence of "fixed anions" the inside cytoplasmic fluid of the cell is always (negatively/positively) charged compared to the outer extracellular fluid. |
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25 | | The two forms of bulk transport are and . |
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26 | | Neurotransmitters and hormones are released from cells by . |
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27 | | The equation used to determine the theoretical equilibrium potential for sodium and potassium ion concentrations, is known as the equation. |
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28 | | The equilibrium potential for potassium is measured at mV. |
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29 | | The concentration of sodium ion is higher the cell. |
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30 | | The resting membrane potential of most cells in the body ranges from to -85 mV. |
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31 | | The plasma ion that must be monitored carefully to prevent alterations in the resting membrane potential and the generation of aberrant electrical activity in the heart is . |
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32 | | The Na+/K+ pump transports Na+ ions out of the cell for every two K+ ions that it moves into the cell, helping to generate a potential difference across the membrane. |
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33 | | A cell must contain a in order to respond to a neurotransmitter. |
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34 | | If a cell is going to respond to a hormone that is polar, the receptor would be found within the of the cell. |
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