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True or False
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1
Facilitated diffusion can transport molecules against a concentration gradient.
A)True
B)False
2
Simple diffusion does not require a living cell membrane.
A)True
B)False
3
Diffusion and facilitated diffusion are processes that move solutes from a region of high concentration, through a cell membrane, to a region of low concentration.
A)True
B)False
4
The spontaneous, random diffusion of molecules creates a concentration gradient.
A)True
B)False
5
A concentration gradient is a state of low entropy.
A)True
B)False
6
The majority of the water in the body is located within the blood plasma.
A)True
B)False
7
The basal lamina consists of collagen and is part of the extracellular matrix.
A)True
B)False
8
The dialysis membranes used in the treatment of kidney disease do not allow plasma protein molecules to pass.
A)True
B)False
9
Steroid hormones are able to diffuse through phospholipid membranes.
A)True
B)False
10
Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas molecules can move in and out of cells by simple diffusion.
A)True
B)False
11
Sodium and potassium ions, being very small, can easily pass through the phospholipid layer of a cell membrane.
A)True
B)False
12
Diffusion rates through a cell membrane are constant, regardless of the magnitude of the concentration difference between the two sides of the membrane.
A)True
B)False
13
Integrins are glycoproteins that act to relay information between cells joined by gap junctions.
A)True
B)False
14
A cell can increase the rate of diffusion of solutes through its membrane by increasing the amount of exposed membrane surface area.
A)True
B)False
15
Osmosis is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from the side with a more concentrated solution to the side with a more dilute solution.
A)True
B)False
16
To be osmotically active, a solute must be able to pass through a semipermeable membrane.
A)True
B)False
17
Protein given intravenously would raise a patient's blood volume and pressure.
A)True
B)False
18
If you calculate the molecular weight of a substance and weigh out precisely that many grams of the substance, you will always (within statistical error) have the same number of molecules, regardless of what the substance is.
A)True
B)False
19
One molar (1.0 M) solutions of two different solutes, such as NaCl and glucose, have the same amount of water.
A)True
B)False
20
One molal (1.0 m) solutions of two different solutes, such as NaCl and glucose, have the same amount of water.
A)True
B)False
21
One molal (1.0 m) solutions of two different solutes have the same osmotic pressure, regardless of what the solutes are.
A)True
B)False
22
Osmosis is the net diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane, so pure water has a lower osmotic pressure than any solution.
A)True
B)False
23
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) breaks down in water to one Ca2+ and two Cl-. A calcium chloride solution of 3 m, would therefore have the same osmotic pressure as a glucose solution of 1.0 m.
A)True
B)False
24
Sodium chloride will have a greater osmotic effect than an equivalent molar amount of urea.
A)True
B)False
25
The osmolality of blood plasma is determined clinically by measuring the molal concentrations of all its solutes and adding these together.
A)True
B)False
26
A given osmolality will lower the freezing point of a solution the same amount no matter what solutes are in the solution.
A)True
B)False
27
A 0.3 m glucose solution has twice the osmotic pressure of 0.15 m NaCl solution.
A)True
B)False
28
A solution that is isosmotic to living cells is always isotonic to them.
A)True
B)False
29
Red blood cells will swell and hemolyze in 0.3 m urea, but not in 0.3 m dextrose.
A)True
B)False
30
Red blood cells undergo swell and possibly burst if they are placed in a hypotonic solution.
A)True
B)False
31
Increased stimulation of the osmoreceptors stimulates the sense of thirst.
A)True
B)False
32
Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to increased blood osmolality.
A)True
B)False
33
Facilitated diffusion is the only mechanism of passive carrier-mediated transport through cell membranes.
A)True
B)False
34
Membrane carriers for one solute usually will not transport any other solutes.
A)True
B)False
35
The rate of membrane transport cannot increase indefinitely by simply continuing to increase solute concentration.
A)True
B)False
36
Since membrane transport proteins are specific for the molecules they transport, different solutes do not compete for the same transport protein.
A)True
B)False
37
Cyanide, a poison that halts the aerobic production of ATP, quickly causes all active transport to stop.
A)True
B)False
38
The rate of facilitated diffusion into a cell depends on the amount of the solute present in the extracellular fluid and the amount of solute present in the cell.
A)True
B)False
39
By means of active transport membrane pumps, most cells maintain intracellular Ca2+ concentrations up to 10,000 times higher than the extracellular concentration.
A)True
B)False
40
Primary active transport requires temporary phosphorylation of the solute molecules being transported through the membrane.
A)True
B)False
41
The Na+/K+ pump transports two potassium ions into a cell for every three sodium ions it transports out.
A)True
B)False
42
The Na+/K+ pumps are found only in nerve and muscle cells.
A)True
B)False
43
Thyroid hormone, thyroxine, affects the body's metabolic rate by adjusting the activity of Na+/K+ pumps throughout the body.
A)True
B)False
44
The Na+/K+ pumps provide ion gradients for secondary active transport.
A)True
B)False
45
The membrane potential of a living cell is due to cations within the cell that cannot diffuse through the membrane.
A)True
B)False
46
The living cell membrane is much more permeable to sodium than any other cation.
A)True
B)False
47
A living cell normally has a relatively high concentration of K+ inside the cell and a low concentration of K+ in the extracelluar fluid.
A)True
B)False
48
If K+ ions were allowed to diffuse freely through the cell membrane, they would eventually reach equilibrium with equal concentrations of K+ both inside and outside the cell.
A)True
B)False
49
When the K+ gates of a cell membrane open, K+ rushes into the cell by electrical attraction until it neutralizes the negative charges within the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
50
The term, potential difference, means the amount of electrical charge (voltage) that exists across a cell membrane at any moment.
A)True
B)False
51
If K+ were the only ion that could diffuse through a cell membrane, there would be a membrane potential of +60 mV when potassium ions finally reached an equilibrium.
A)True
B)False
52
The potassium equilibrium potential (EK) is also the normal resting potential of a cell.
A)True
B)False
53
Hyperkalemia, perhaps caused by heart or kidney disease, causes the movement of potassium ions that results in the cell membrane potential becoming less negative.
A)True
B)False
54
The term "resting" used to describe a cell membrane refers to a cell in which the Na+ and K+ concentrations across the membrane are at equilibrium.
A)True
B)False
55
The Na+/K+ pump maintains a stable membrane potential by exchanging one Na+ ion for one K+ ion in each cycle of transport.
A)True
B)False
56
Neurotransmitters are characteristic of synaptic signaling.
A)True
B)False
57
Hormones are transported by the blood to target cells.
A)True
B)False





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