Abell, R. A. et al. 1999. Freshwater Ecoregions of North America. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A comprehensive assessment of the types and status of freshwater ecoregions.

Abramovitz, Janet N. 1996. Imperiled Waters, Impoverished Future: The Decline of Freshwater Ecosystems. Worldwatch Paper 128.
Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute.

Agarwal, Anil and Sunita Narain. 1997. "The Decline and Revival of Traditional Water Harvesting systems in India. The Ecologist 27(3):112-116.
Reviving centuries-old water harvesting techniques in India could offer an alternative to large dams and water development projects.

Allen-Gil, S.M., et al. 1997. "Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Sediments and Biota from Four US Arctic Lakes," Arch Environ Contem Toxicol.
33(4):378-387.

Anderson, Terry L. and Peter J. Hill, eds. 1996. Water Marketing: The Next Generation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Discusses market incentives for water conservation.

Andrew T. Campbell and Peter Wallis. 2002. "The effect of UV irradiation on human-derived Giardia lamblia cysts". Water Research 36(4): 963-969.
UV can inactivate up to 99% of the Giardia cysts in water.

Balducci, C., et al. 2001. "Macrofauna impact on Ulva rigida C. Ag. Production and relationship with environmental variables in the lagoon of Venice." Marine Environmental Research 52(1): 27-49.
Fertilizer runoff from surrounding farmlands has produced severe eutrophication in the shallow lagoon of Venice.

Baron JS, Jackson RB, et al., 2002 "Meeting ecological and societal needs for freshwater," Ecological Applications 12(5):1247-1260.

Berry, J. P. et al. 2002. "Are Pfiesteria species toxicogenic? Evidence against production of icthyotoxins by Pfiesteria shumwayae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, published online, doi10.1073/pnas.172221699 (2002).
Evidence suggests that lethal algae nibble fish to death rather than poison them.

Black, Peter E. 1996. Watershed Hydrology, 2nd ed. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An introduction to hydrology.

Bowie, P. 2000. "No Act of God," The Amicus Journal 21(4):16-21
A graphic description of the effects of Hurricane Floyd in North Carolina.

Brivio, P.A., C. Giardino, and E. Zilioli. 2001. "Validation of satellite data for quality assurance in lake monitoring applications" The Science of the Total Environment: 268(1): 3-18.
Lead article in a special issue on assessing water quality by remote sensing.

Burkholder, JoAnn M. 1999. "The Lurking Perils of Pfiesteria." Scientific American 281 (2): 42-49.
A frightening account of how this single-celled aquatic organism kills fish and harms people.

Chakravarty, S. , et al. 2001. "Removal of arsenic from groundwater using low cost ferruginous manganese ore" Water Research 36(3): 625-632. Arsenic in groundwater is a very serious problem in Bengal.
A low cost solution is suggested for removing this pollutant.

Chen, D., Weavers, L. K. & Walker, H. W. 2002. "Using ultrasound to reduce ceramic membrane fouling by silica particles". Presented at the 2002 National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Orlando, USA. (2002).
High-energy bubbles scour municipal water filters.

Cho, B.H., et al. 1997. "Laboratory-scale Bioremediation of Oil-contaminated soil of Kuwait with Soil Amendment Materials," Chemosphere 35(7):1599-1611.
An example of how bioremediation can help clean up pollutants.

Cicin-Sain, Bililana and Robert W. Knecht. 2000. The Future of U. S. Ocean Policy: Choices for a New Century. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An analysis of the most important ocean and coastal issues facing the nation.

Clarke, E. and A.H. Baldwin. 2002. "Responses of wetland plants to ammonia and water level" Ecololgical Engineering. 18(3): 257 - 264.
Some ammonia is a fertilizer; too much is poison.

Clarke, Robin. 1993. Water: The International Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
A comprehensive look at a vital resource.

Collier, M., et al. 1996. "Dams and Rivers: Primer on the Downstream Effects of Dams." Circular 1126 U.S.
Geological Survey, Branch of Information Services, Tuscon, Ariz and Denver, Colo.

Davie, Timothy. 2002. Fundamentals of Hydrology. Routledge Press.
An introduction to the study of water resources and hydrological processes.

Dixon, J.A., et al. 1989. Dams and the Environment: Considerations in World Bank Projects. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
The bank often has been criticized for its role in financing big dams.

Dobb, Edwin. 2000. "New life in a death trap." Discover December 2000: 86-93.
Bioremediation may offer a way to remove toxic metals from the deadly Berkeley Pit in Butte, Montana.

Donahue, John M. and Barbara Rose Johnston, (eds). 1997. Water, Culture, and Power: Local Struggles in a Global Context. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Control of water resources is a critical issue in many areas.

Driscoll, Charles T., et al. 2001. "Acidic Deposition in the Northeastern United States: Sources and Inputs, Ecosystem Effects, and Management Strategies," BioScience 51(3): 180-199.
Although acid rain has been diminished in many places, it remains a serious problem in parts of New England.

Duncan, D. J. 2000. "Salmon's Second Coming," Sierra 85(2):30-41.
Conservationists argue that obsolete dams on the Snake and Columbia Rivers should be removed.

Egbert, G. D. & Ray, R. D. 2000. "Significant dissipation of tidal energy in the deep ocean inferred from satellite alimeter data". Nature 405, 775 (2000).
About a third of the energy that the Moon supplies to the sea goes into the deep ocean, causing turbulence and mixing that drives ocean circulation.

Eggermont, H. and D. Verschuren. 2003. "Impact of soil erosion in disturbed tributary drainages on the benthic invertebrate fauna of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa." Biological Conservation 113 (1): 99-109.
Siltation is a leading cause of aquatic ecosystem damage.

Ezzell, Carol. 2001. "The Himba and the Dam." Scientific American 284(6): 80-89.
A proposed dam in Namibia would drive a self-sufficient tribe of indigenous people off their ancestral lands.

Fairlee, J.R., et al 1997. "Biodegradation of Groundwater Pollutants by a Combined Culture of Mycobacterium vaccae and a Rhodococcus sp.," Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43(9):841-846.
In vitro bioremediation by microbes.

Fiege, Mark. 2000. Irrigated Eden : The Making of an Agricultural Landscape in the American West (Weyerhaeuser Environmental Book.). Univ. of Washington Press.
A study of the coming of irrigation to southern Idaho's Snake River valley.

Fischetti, Mark. 2001. "Drowning New Orleans." Scientific American 285(4): 76-86.
A major hurricane could swamp the sinking city under 20 feet of water, killing thousands.

Forster, D. L. 2000. "Public policies and private decisions: Their impacts on Lake Erie water quality and farm economy." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. Third Quarter 309: 322-326.
Conservation tillage can reduce erosion and improve water quality.

Foster, Stephen, et al. 2000. Groundwater in Rural Development Technical Paper No. 463. World Bank, Washington, DC,

Fradkin, Philip L. 1996. A River No More : The Colorado River and the West. Univ. of California Press.
The damming of the Colorado River and its impact on the American West.

Franklin, Chris. 1997. "Let the Colorado River Run Free," Earth Island Journal 12(2):23.
States the case for draining Glen Canyon.

Gardner, Gary. 1998 "Human Waste: Pollutant or Resource?" World Watch Journal 11(1):28-33.
It's too valuable to throw away, too toxic to throw around. What to do?

Gibbs, W. W. 1999. "Not Cleaning Up," Scientific American (280(2): 39-40.
High-pressure steam injection can remove pollutants from underground aquifers faster than conventional methods.

Gleick, Peter. H. 2000. The World's Water 2000-2001. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A comprehensive catalog of freshwater resources, dam construction, water law, and water conflicts.

Gleick, Peter. H. 2001. "Making Every Drop Count" Scientific American 284 (2):40-45.
An overview of the world's freshwater supplies.

Grant, S. B et al.Generation of Enterococci bacteria in a coastal saltwater marsh and its impact on surf zone water quality. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 2407 - 2416 (2001).
Artificial wetlands could dirty water rather than clean it.

Gräslund, Sara and Bengt-Erik Bengtsson 2001. "Chemicals and biological products used in south-east Asian shrimp farming, and their potential impact on the environment a review" The Science of the Total Environment 280(1-3): 93-131.
A wide variety of chemicals and biological products are used to treat the water and sediment of ponds in south-east Asian shrimp farming. These chemicals pose a serious risk to surface and ground water and need better regulation and management.

Haddad, B. M. 2000. Rivers of Gold: Designing Markets to Allocate Water in California. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A discussion of market-based approaches to water conservation.

Harvell, C. D., et al. 1999. "Emerging Marine Diseases-Climate Links and Anthropogenic Factors," Science (US) 285: 1505-1510. September 3, 1999.
Pollution and global warming are causing new examples of marine diseases.

Havens, K.J., L.M. Varnell, B.D. Watts. 2002. "Maturation of a constructed tidal marsh relative to two natural reference tidal marshes over 12 years" Ecololgical Engineering. 18(3): 305 - 315.
Can engineered marshes replace the real thing?

Helle, I.D., et al. 1998. "Long-Term Growth Enhancement of Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) from Municipal Wastewater Application," Environmental Management 22(1):119-127.
Trees can effectively remove aquatic pollutants.

Hobbie, J. 2000. Estuarine Science. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An overview of the importance of and threats to estuaries.

Jokela, J.P.Y., R.H. Kettunen, K.M. Sormunen, and J.A. Rintala. 2002. "Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate: low-cost nitrification in biofilters and laboratory scale in-situ denitrification." Water Research 36 (16):4079-4087.
Biofilters can be effective ways to remove pollutants.

Jordan, L. A., Devitt, D. A., Morris, R. L. & Neumann, D. S. 2001 Foliar damage to ornamental trees sprinkler-irrigated with reuse water. Irrigation Science, (advanced online publication) DOI: 10.1007/s00271-001-0050-y (2001).
Recycled waste water may contain salt concentrations that damage sensitive plant species.

Juhler, R.K., S.R. Sørensen and L. Larsen. 2001. "Analysing transformation products of herbicide residues in environmental samples" Water Research,. 35 (6) 1371-1378.
Outlines techniques for assaying pollutants in ground water at parts per billion levels.

Kamat, P. V., Huehn, R. & Nicolaescu, R. 2002. "A 'sense and shoot' approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water". Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 106, 788 - 794, (2002).
A new method for decontaminating water is photocatalytic oxidation: the burning-up of organic molecules in air, stimulated by a light-sensitive catalyst.

Kennish, Michael J. 1999. Estuary Restoration and Maintenance: The National Estuary Program. CRC Press.
Looks at estuary values, marine pollution, and restoration efforts.

Koberstein, Paul. 1997. "Dam Slayers Have Their Day," Inner Voice September/October 1997: 16-18. Across the U.S., there is growing support for removing dams that block fish habitat.
This is one of six articles in a special issue on river management.

Kolpin, D.W., et al. 1996. "Occurrence of Selected Pesticides and Their Metabolites in Near-Surface Aquifers of the Midwestern United States," Environmental Science and Technology 30(1):335-340.
A survey of groundwater pollution in the corn and soybean belt.

Kumar, M. Dinesh and O.P. Singh 2001. Water Policy 3(5): 387-403. Market instruments for demand management in the face of scarcity and overuse of water in Gujarat, Western India.
A lion's share of the scarce water in this area goes for irrigating cash crops at the cost of subsistence farming and rural drinking, while the pricing of canal water and electricity used for groundwater pumping is highly inefficient and inequitable.

Lettmann, C., Hinrichs, H. & Maier, W. Combinatorial discovery of new photocatalysts for water purification with visible light. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 40, 3160 - 3164, (2001).
Metal compounds absorb sunlight and break down water pollutants.

Lewis, Ricki. 2001. "PCB Dilemma: Government, industry, and public debate dredging vs. bioremediation in the Hudson River" The Scientist 15[6]:1, Mar. 19, 2001.
An interesting debate about natural bioremediation, dredging, and risk assessment.

Lichatowich, Jim. 2001. Salmon Without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon Crisis, Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Surveys both the biology and politics of the salmon decline in western rivers.

Lipták, Béla. 1997. "Judgment Day for the Danube," Earth Island Journal 12(3):25.
Report from The Hague on the world's first environmental trial.

Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W. B. & Slowey, N. 1999. "Weaker Gulf Stream in the Florida Straits during the Last Glacial Maximum." Nature 402, 644 (1999). During the last Ice Age, some 12,000 years ago, the deep-water current transported far less water than it does today.
Indeed the sinking of dense water at the Poles may have stopped entirely.

Malle, Karl-Geert. 1996. "Cleaning Up the River Rhine," Scientific American 274(1):70-75.
An encouraging case study of international efforts to control water pollution.

McCully, P. 1996. Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. London: Zed Books.
A discussion of environmental effects of dams.

McPhaden, M. J. & Zhang, D. 2002. "Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean." Nature, 415, 603 - 3608, (2002).
A recent slowing in the circulation of Pacific Ocean waters could have raised Pacific sea surface temperatures and may be affecting global climate.

Melville, W. K. & Matusov, P. 2002. "Distribution of breaking waves at the ocean surface." Nature, 417, 58- 63, (2002).
As ocean waves break, they trap air pollutants and carry them into the water, where they remain.

Montague, Peter. 1998. "Drugs in the Water." Rachael's Environment & Health Weekly #614.
A sobering revelation of how pharmaceutical drugs given to people and domestic animals end up in rivers and lakes, contributing to the spread of drug-resistant micro-organisms.

Murdoch PS, Baron JS, Miller TL. 2000. "Potential effects of climate chance on surface-water quality in North America," Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36(2):347-366.

Neumann, Michael et al. 2002. "The significance of entry routes as point and non-point sources of pesticides in small streams" Water Research 36(4): 835-842.
Compares sewage outfall and farmyard runoff in Germany.

Ofiara, Douglas D. and Joseph J. Seneca. 2001. Economic Losses from Marine Pollution. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
A handbook for assessing losses from pollution.

Outwater, Alice. 1997. Water: A Natural History Basic Books.
A popular introduction to where our water comes from and where it goes after we use it.

Patterson, K. L. et al.The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (2002).
Human gut bacteria have been found associated with white pox disease, which has killed up to 90% of all the elkhorn coral in the Caribbean.

Peles, J.D., et al. 1996. "Metal Uptake by Agricultural Plant Species Grown in Sludge-Amended Soil Following Ecosystem Restoration Practices," Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57(6):917-923.
Bioremediation can be economical and effective.

Perry, James A. and Elizabeth Vanderklein. 1996. Water Quality: Management of a Natural Resource. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
An excellent introduction to international water quality issues.

Pestana, M.H.D. and M.L.L. Formoso. 2003. "Mercury contamination in Lavras do Sul, south Brazil: a legacy from past and recent gold mining." The Science of the Total Environment. 307 (1-3): 125-140.
Mercury released from mining operations poisons miners and their environment.

Pielou, E. C. 1998. Fresh Water. Univ. of Chicago Press.
A survey of our water supplies and how we use them.

Postel, Sandra. 1997. Last Oasis : Facing Water Scarcity. W. W. Norton & Co.
A Worldwatch Environmental Alert Series publication describing global resource limitations.

Postel, Sandra. 2001. "Growing Food with Less Water." Scientific American 284(2): 46-51. Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater in most countries.
How can this precious resource be conserved and extended?

Qing, Dai. 1998. The River Dragon Has come!: The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People. Probe International/International Rivers Network.
Rare public criticism of top Chinese authorities for their decision to build the Three Gorges Dam.

Rainbow, P. S. and G. Blackmore. 2001. "Barnacles as biomonitors of trace metal availabilities in Hong Kong coastal waters: changes in space and time." Marine Environmental Research 51(5): 441-463.
Shellfish, which filter water for nutrients, can be useful bioindicators of environmental quality.

Raloff, Janet. 1998. "Drugged waters." Science News 153: 187-189.
Sewage effluents release dangerously high levels of pharmaceuticals into our surface waaters.

Raloff, Janet. 2001. "Macho waters." Science News 159: 8-10.
Some river pollution results in endocrine hormone-disrupting steroid compounds.

Reinthaler, F.F., et al. 2003. "Antibiotic resistance of E. coli in sewage and sludge." Water Research. 37 (8): 1685-1690.
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem.

Reisner. Marc. 1993. Cadillac Desert : The American West and Its Disappearing Water Penguin Books.
A fascinating look at western water issues.

Rivlin, Michael. 1998. "Muddy Waters," The Amicus Journal 19(4):30-37.
What should we do about water pollution?

Rothenberg, David and Mara Ulvaeus, ed. 2001. Writing on Water. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
A collection of essays on all aspects of water.

Roy, Arundhati. 2000. "Before the Flood." The Amicus Journal 22(3): 12-18.
A famous novelist writes about the Narmada valley, its villagers, and the tyranny of big dams.

Runyan, Curtis. 2001. "Liberating Rivers," World Watch 14(1):31-40.
An essay together with excerpts from Arundhati Roy and Patrick McCully on why we should remove some dams.

Sampat, Payal. 2000. "Groundwater Shock: The Polluting of the World's Major Freshwater Stores."
Worldwatch Magazine 13(1): 14-25, January/February, 2000.

Santschi, P. H. et al. 2001. "Historical contamination of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, and heavy metals in Mississippi River Delta, Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay sediment cores." Marine Environmental Research 52(1): 51-79.
Analysis of contaminant accumulation in marine sediments reveal how changing land use patterns affect runoff and coastal pollution.

Schneider, Paul. 1997. "Clear Progress," Audubon 99(5):36.
The successes of the Clean Water Act are unmistakable, but there is more to be done.

Shirley, Mary. 2002. Thirsting for Efficency. Elsevier Pub.
An economic theory of water that calls for institutional, political and economic reform.

Shiva, Vandana. 2002. Water Wars: Privatization, Pollution and Profit. South End Press.
"Cowboy economics now govern the world's fresh water supply putting billions of people at risk of insufficient access to clean water."

Smith, Allan H., et al. 2000. "Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh: a public health emergency," Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000: 78(9): 1093-1103.
Estimates that between 35 and 77 million people are at risk of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh.

Steinfeld, Carol. 1997 "Phytoremediation," in Environmental Encyclopedia 2nd ed., William P. Cunningham et al. eds.
Detroit, MI: Gale Research.

Steinmann, C.R., et al. 2003. "A combined system of lagoon and constructed wetland for an effective wastewater treatment."
Water Research 37 (9): 2035-2042.

Swannell, R.P., et al. 1996. "Field Evaluations of Marine Oil Spill Bioremediation," Microbiology Review 60(2):342-365.

Tamburri, M. N., et al. 2002. "Ballast water deoxygenation can prevent aquatic introductions while reducing ship corrosion." Biological Conservation, 103, 331 - 341, (2002).
Bubbling nitrogen gas through bilge water can reduce corrosion and also stop the spread of alien organisms in ship ballast water.

Tollefsen, K. -E. 2002. "Interaction of estrogen mimics, singly and in combination, with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss),"Aquatic Toxicology. 56(3): 215-225

Tortajada, Cecilia 2001. "First meeting of the Club of Tokyo for a global water policy dialogue, Tokyo, 25-26 September, 2000," Water Policy 3(5): 359-362

Van Slyke, Lyman P. 1988. Yangtze: Nature, History, and the River. Addison-Wesley Pub.
A good introduction to the natural and human history of the Yangtze.

Villiers, Marq De. 2001. Water: The Fate of Our Most Precious Resource. Mariner Books.
Examines the checkered history of humankind's water management.

Vogelbein, W. K. et al. 2002. "Pfiesteria shumwayae kills fish by micropredation not exotoxin secretion". Nature, 418, 967-970 (2002).
Evidence suggests that lethal algae nibble fish to death rather than poison them.

Wentz, Patty. 2002. "River of a thousand promises." On Earth vol. 23(4):14-19.
A good description of the water struggles in the Klamath Basin.

White, Richard. 1996. The Organic Machine : The Remaking of the Columbia River. Hill and Wang.
A critical history of how the Columbia River basin was transformed.

Whitfield, John. 2003. "How to clean a beach." Nature 422, 464 - 466.
Decades of experience add to our knowledge of how to clean up oil spills.

Wilkinson, Charles F. 1993. Crossing the Next Meridian : Land, Water, and the Future of the West. Island Press.
Argues that American land-use and water laws have been become outmoded and must be radically rethought to protect the environment.

Williams, Ted. 1999. "Lessons from Lake Apopka." Audubon 101(4): 64-73.
A sad story of how flooding of pesticide-contaminated farmlands killed thousands of wading birds in a Florida wildlife refuge.

Wolf, Aaron T., et al. 1999. "International River Basins of the World." WaterRresources Development 15(4): 387-427.
A valuable review of freshwater resources.

Worster, Donald. 1985. Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West. Random House.
A masterful account of water and the settling of the American west.

Zhao, X., et al. 2002. "Elimination of cadmium trace contaminations from drinking water" Water Research 36(4): 851-858.
Cadmium is one of the most serious contaminants in the Chinese water supply. It can be removed by absorption on anion exchangers.