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Carbohydrates

Learning Goals

1. Explain the difference between complex and simple carbohydrates and know the amounts of each recommended in the daily diet.

2. Apply the systems of classifying and naming monosaccharides according to the functional group and number of carbons in the chain.

3. Determine whether a molecule has a chiral enter.

4. Explain stereoisomerism.

5. Identify monosaccharides as either D- or L-.

6. Draw and name the common monosaccharides using structural formulas.

7. Given the linear structure of a monosaccharide, draw the Haworth projection of its α- and ß-cyclic forms and vice versa.

8. By inspection of the structure, predict whether a sugar is a reducing or a nonreducing sugar.

9. Discuss the use of the Benedict's reagent to measure the level of glucose in urine.

10. Draw and name the common disaccharides and discuss their significance in biological systems.

11. Describe the difference between galactosemia and lactose intolerance.

12. Discuss the structural, chemical, and biochemical properties of starch, glycogen, and cellulose.










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