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| 1 | |
The smaller the significance probability is, the ________ likely the association between the variables resulted only from sampling error. |
| | A) | more |
| | B) | less |
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| 2 | |
Choosing a probability level (critical value) to gauge significance depends on the cost of making an error by: |
| | A) | assuming a relationship exists in the population when it actually doesn't. |
| | B) | assuming a relationship doesn't exist in the population when it actually does. |
| | C) | either or both kinds of errors. |
| | D) | neither kind of error. |
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| 3 | |
Which is NOT true of a relationship between two variables? |
| | A) | It can be significant but not important. |
| | B) | It can be important but not significant. |
| | C) | It can be neither significant nor important. |
| | D) | It can be both significant and important. |
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| 4 | |
The most common measure of association between variables is: |
| | A) | correlation. |
| | B) | crosstabulation. |
| | C) | regression. |
| | D) | analysis of variance |
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| 5 | |
To use cross-tabulation, the data: |
| | A) | must be nominal. |
| | B) | must be ordinal. |
| | C) | must be interval. |
| | D) | must be ratio. |
| | E) | can be any of these. |
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| 6 | |
The only requirement for cross-tabulation is that: |
| | A) | the smallest actual cell frequency must be 3 or greater. |
| | B) | the smallest actual cell frequency must be 5 or greater. |
| | C) | the smallest expected cell frequency must be 3 or greater. |
| | D) | the smallest expected cell frequency must be 5 or greater. |
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| 7 | |
The more disproportionate the row or column percentages are from the total percentages, the ________ likely the relationship is significant. |
| | A) | more |
| | B) | less |
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| 8 | |
With cross-tabulation, the greater the chi-square value, the ________ the chance the relationship is only the result of sampling error. |
| | A) | greater |
| | B) | lesser |
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| 9 | |
Which is NOT true of analysis of variance? |
| | A) | The measures must be independent (from different cases). |
| | B) | The variance or spread in the distribution for each group must be nearly equal. |
| | C) | The distribution for each group must be normal or at least symmetrical. |
| | D) | Each group must have the same number of cases. |
| | E) | The dependent variable must be continuous, interval or ratio data. |
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| 10 | |
The F-ratio for analysis of variance is the ratio of: |
| | A) | the within groups to the between groups mean squares. |
| | B) | the between groups to the within groups mean squares. |
| | C) | the within groups to the combined mean squares. |
| | D) | the between groups to the combined mean squares. |
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| 11 | |
With analysis of variance, the larger the F-ratio, the ________ likely the relationship is significant. |
| | A) | less |
| | B) | more |
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| 12 | |
The range of a normal correlation coefficient is from: |
| | A) | 0 to 100 percent. |
| | B) | 1 to 1. |
| | C) | 0 to plus or minus 1. |
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| 13 | |
If a correlation coefficient has a negative value, this means: |
| | A) | the variables are directly related. |
| | B) | the variables are inversely related. |
| | C) | the variables aren't related. |
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| 14 | |
If a correlation has a value of -.8, the percentage of shared variance would be: |
| | A) | 80 percent. |
| | B) | 8 percent. |
| | C) | 64 percent. |
| | D) | 20 percent. |
| | E) | 36 percent. |
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| 15 | |
If the correlation coefficient between a and b is significant, which is NOT a possibility? |
| | A) | a is causing b |
| | B) | b is causing a |
| | C) | c is causing a and b |
| | D) | a and b are interacting over time |
| | E) | a and b are independent of one another |
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| 16 | |
Which is NOT a requirement for using regression analysis? |
| | A) | The spread in Y over the range of X must be the same or nearly so. |
| | B) | The variables must be interval or ratio scale values. |
| | C) | The variable must have a linear (straight line) relationship. |
| | D) | The variables must be independent (from different cases). |
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| 17 | |
A regression R-square value of .8 means: |
| | A) | 80 percent of the variance in Y has been explained by X. |
| | B) | 80 percent of the variance in X has been explained by Y. |
| | C) | 64 percent of the variance in Y has been explained by X. |
| | D) | 64 percent of the variance in X has been explained by Y. |
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| 18 | |
If the significance probability of a regression is .03, this means: |
| | A) | the relationship is significant at the .05 level of probability. |
| | B) | there is a 3 percent chance the relationship would result only from sampling error if it didn't exist in the population. |
| | C) | the relationship is not significant at the .01 level of probability. |
| | D) | All of these are true. |
| | E) | None of these are true. |
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| 19 | |
The regression equation, Y = 20 + 4X indicates that: |
| | A) | X and Y are significantly related. |
| | B) | as X increases, Y decreases. |
| | C) | the two variables are directly related. |
| | D) | the Y intercept is a negative value. |
| | E) | the regression line slopes downward to the right. |
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| 20 | |
If Y = 50 - 5X and R-square = 1.0, this indicates: |
| | A) | a perfect, linear, direct relationship. |
| | B) | a perfect, linear, inverse relationship. |
| | C) | X and Y aren't related to one another. |
| | D) | the regression line is horizontal. |
| | E) | the regression line slopes upward to the right. |
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