 |
| 1 | |
Before the 20th century, childbirth was considered "a struggle with death," because at that time there were high rates of |
| | A) | all of these. |
| | B) | infant death before age one. |
| | C) | death among women giving birth. |
| | D) | stillbirth. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which of the following happens during the second stage of childbirth? |
| | A) | The baby is born. |
| | B) | The placenta and umbilical cord are expelled. |
| | C) | The mother starts breastfeeding. |
| | D) | Contractions begin. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Cesarean delivery is more likely when the birth involves a |
| | A) | mother who has had previous vaginal births. |
| | B) | young mother. |
| | C) | first baby. |
| | D) | small baby. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
The most common forms of medication used in childbirth today are |
| | A) | Lamaze preparation and general anesthesia. |
| | B) | regional anesthesia and analgesics. |
| | C) | general anesthesia and regional anesthesia. |
| | D) | Cesarean delivery and analgesics. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Upon birth, babies must begin breathing on their own. If they fail to do so, they may suffer brain damage caused by |
| | A) | anoxia. |
| | B) | lanugo. |
| | C) | meconium. |
| | D) | analgesics. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
A baby who has an Apgar score under 4 five minutes after birth needs |
| | A) | immediate lifesaving treatment. |
| | B) | help breathing. |
| | C) | nothing special. He or she is in good condition. |
| | D) | the Brazelton maneuver. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
One potential problem with electronic fetal monitoring during childbirth is that it can |
| | A) | be used in only a small percentage of births. |
| | B) | offer very little help in high-risk deliveries. |
| | C) | provide no information about lack of oxygen to the fetus. |
| | D) | suggest fetuses are in trouble when they actually are not. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following mothers is most likely to have a low-birthweight baby? |
| | A) | Carmen, who is 29 and has had two children born at normal weight |
| | B) | Lena, 31, who is delighted to take a break from her high-paying career in order to have her first baby |
| | C) | Bridget, who is 15 and smokes cigarettes |
| | D) | Tibby, 19, who stopped smoking and drinking and got prenatal care at the campus health center when she learned she was pregnant |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
The Infant Health and Development Program and the Kauai Study both showed that improvements in the environments of infants born at low weights were |
| | A) | related to substantial improvements in outcomes. |
| | B) | helpful only for those born close to normal weight. |
| | C) | unrelated to outcomes for people born at low weight. |
| | D) | helpful in improving the whole family's socioeconomic status. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
To help prevent sudden infant death syndrome, parents and caregivers should put babies to sleep on their |
| | A) | backs. |
| | B) | sides. |
| | C) | none of these—the risk of SIDS is equal no matter how the baby sleeps. |
| | D) | stomachs. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Despite the fears of many parents, researchers have found no connection between vaccines and |
| | A) | autism. |
| | B) | brain lateralization. |
| | C) | meconium. |
| | D) | low birthweight. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
The best diet for babies during their first year of life features lots of |
| | A) | fruits and vegetables. |
| | B) | processed meats, fried foods, and desserts. |
| | C) | breast milk. |
| | D) | vitamin supplements. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Before birth and during infancy, brain growth proceeds in a pattern of |
| | A) | growth spurts. |
| | B) | producing more neurons and connections than needed, then pruning excess cells based on experience. |
| | C) | all of these. |
| | D) | myelination in different parts of the brain, which is linked to increases in capacity to use those parts. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
The first sense to develop is |
| | A) | hearing. |
| | B) | sight. |
| | C) | smell. |
| | D) | touch. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
In their ecological theory of perception and motor development, Gibson and Gibson suggests that |
| | A) | all of these. |
| | B) | babies rely on visual guidance to decide what they can do. |
| | C) | babies make moment-by-moment decisions about whether their capabilities fit the characteristics of their environments. |
| | D) | there is little relationship between physical and cognitive development. |
|
|
.