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1 | |
The following are elements in current definitions of forgiveness, except for: |
| | A) | a decision to reduce or release negative thoughts toward an offender |
| | B) | a decision to reduce negative behavior (e.g., blame, anger, etc.) toward an offender |
| | C) | accepting the offender into one’s moral community |
| | D) | proceeding with the above after the offender requests forgiveness |
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2 | |
The following are widely-held misconceptions about forgiveness, except for: |
| | A) | Forgiveness excuses the other’s offending behavior. |
| | B) | Pursuing justice denies the possibility of forgiveness. |
| | C) | Forgiveness and reconciliation are the same thing. |
| | D) | Forgiving is a sign of personal strength and character. |
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3 | |
Enright, et al.’s four-phase model of forgiveness as a process describes the __________ phase as an exploration of choices for the future and a consideration of forgiveness as an option. |
| | A) | uncovering |
| | B) | decision |
| | C) | work |
| | D) | outcome |
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4 | |
Layton’s three-stage model of forgiveness describes the ___________ stage as where everything we believe about life is being called into question. |
| | A) | discovery |
| | B) | injured innocence |
| | C) | obsession |
| | D) | transcendence |
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5 | |
The “eddies in the river” explanation of getting stuck describes the eddy of _________ as occurring when a person who has been wronged may try to get sympathy from others, demand extra attention, induce guilt in others, or excuse his/her own passivity. |
| | A) | revenge |
| | B) | withdrawal |
| | C) | victimhood |
| | D) | hostility |
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6 | |
Kelley (1998) suggested that people harmed by others are more willing to renegotiate a relationship when they know all of the following, except for: |
| | A) | there is essential agreement as to the nature of the violation |
| | B) | the other person acknowledges the hurt and pain his/her violation caused you |
| | C) | the offending person will make an apology for the hurt and pain caused by the violation |
| | D) | the offending person will be punished or pay appropriately for the violation |
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7 | |
A simple act, such as attending an event significant to the offending person or agreeing to work on a project with him/her, illustrates the idea of ___________. |
| | A) | secondary wounding |
| | B) | communicative gestures |
| | C) | reconciliation |
| | D) | expedient apology |
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8 | |
When someone far removed from the wrongdoing accepts responsibility for the harm and apologizes on behalf of people no longer present, this is called a(n) ___________. |
| | A) | compelled apology |
| | B) | expedient apology |
| | C) | delayed apology |
| | D) | substitute apology |
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9 | |
Accepting forgiveness from the person you have wronged can be challenging in the following ways, except for: |
| | A) | Your attention shifts from fear of retribution and guilt over what you’ve done to the prospect of freedom from this fear. |
| | B) | Your definition of yourself becomes simpler because of the prospect of becoming responsible for new choices. |
| | C) | You must wait for the gift of forgiveness to come from the other person. |
| | D) | During the waiting interval, you should reflect on the actual harm you have caused. |
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10 | |
Shriver’s metaphor of the cable spanning the chasm that divides conflicting parties includes the strand of ________ in us. |
| | A) | truth |
| | B) | forbearance |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | commitment to remain interdependent |
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