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| 1 | |
The process of identification with a same-sex parent is critical to the |
| | A) | psychoanalytic theory. |
| | B) | cognitive social theory. |
| | C) | gender schema theory. |
| | D) | cognitive developmental theory. |
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| 2 | |
A perception of oneself as either masculine or feminine, and having the characteristics appropriate to that gender, is called |
| | A) | gender typing. |
| | B) | gender role. |
| | C) | gender identity. |
| | D) | gender stability. |
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| 3 | |
Gender role standards have been shown to shape behavior differences in boys and girls beginning in |
| | A) | infancy. |
| | B) | preschool. |
| | C) | elementary school. |
| | D) | middle school. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is a myth about gender differences? |
| | A) | From a very young age, girls and boys differ in self-esteem. |
| | B) | At birth, girls are physically and neurologically more advanced. |
| | C) | From infancy through the early school years, girls display superior verbal abilities. |
| | D) | In early social play, boys are more often physically aggressive. |
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| 5 | |
George and Georgiana pride themselves on having an egalitarian marriage. They share household chores and their incomes are equal. After the birth of their first child, what is likely to happen? |
| | A) | They will strive to model flexible sex-role standards for their child. |
| | B) | Their marital roles will remain unchanged. |
| | C) | Their marital roles will become more traditional. |
| | D) | Their marital roles will develop expressive characteristics. |
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| 6 | |
As they grow older, men tend to become more |
| | A) | instrumental. |
| | B) | task-oriented. |
| | C) | expressive. |
| | D) | independent. |
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| 7 | |
Male superiority in math is generally restricted to performance in |
| | A) | geometry. |
| | B) | computational skills. |
| | C) | algebra. |
| | D) | basic math knowledge. |
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| 8 | |
Sara believes that when her brother puts his hair in a ponytail and starts cooking, he is no longer a boy. Sara has not yet reached Kohlberg's stage of |
| | A) | gender conformity. |
| | B) | gender stability. |
| | C) | gender constancy. |
| | D) | gender identity. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following pictures is a gender-schematic child most likely to distort during recall? |
| | A) | a boy playing with a doll |
| | B) | a boy playing with a toy train |
| | C) | a girl playing with a tea set |
| | D) | a girl playing with a doll |
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| 10 | |
Gender labeling is sufficient to affect gender-typed activity preferences, a finding that supports |
| | A) | gender-schema theorists. |
| | B) | Kohlberg's concept of gender constancy. |
| | C) | Kohlberg's concept of gender stability. |
| | D) | neither gender schema nor Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory. |
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| 11 | |
Much of the gender-based differences in treatment children receive from their parents seems to be related to |
| | A) | physical activity. |
| | B) | achievement. |
| | C) | interpersonal skills. |
| | D) | assertiveness. |
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| 12 | |
Research suggests a relationship between father absence and female sexual risk-taking. Girls in homes without a father view male parental investment in families as unreliable according to the |
| | A) | social learning model. |
| | B) | cognitive development model. |
| | C) | evolutionary perspective. |
| | D) | gender schema perspective. |
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| 13 | |
Teachers, regardless of their gender, tend to prefer |
| | A) | female-typical behaviors. |
| | B) | male-typical behaviors. |
| | C) | assertive behaviors. |
| | D) | cross-gendered behaviors. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following characterizes the general progression of academic achievement for girls and boys? |
| | A) | Boys have an advantage in the early years, but achievement levels gradually decline. |
| | B) | Girls have an advantage in the early years, but achievement levels gradually decline. |
| | C) | Few differences exist in the achievement levels of boys and girls throughout their academic careers. |
| | D) | Boys receive many conflicting messages in school that may put them at risk for failure. |
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| 15 | |
Androgyny refers to |
| | A) | males and females who engage in cross-dressing. |
| | B) | individuals with both male and female genitalia. |
| | C) | people who possess both masculine and feminine characteristics. |
| | D) | people who possess only characteristics associated with the other gender. |
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