Understand the process of speciation.

• Describe the steps necessary for speciation to occur.
• Describe how polyploidy can result in the production of new species.
• Explain why reproductive isolation is important to the process of speciation.
• Describe how a study of chromosomes could determine if a species is a polyploid.

Appreciate that evolution is a well-supported theory at the center of all biological thinking.

• Describe three kinds of evidence that support the concept of evolution.
• Describe two examples of new discoveries that have refined our understanding of evolution without refuting it.
• Explain three basic evolutionary patterns.
• Give examples that explain why the rate of evolution can be different for different species.

Appreciate that evidence indicates that humans have an evolutionary history.

• Describe current scientific theories for the evolution of modern humans.
• State evidence that suggests humans originated in Africa.
• Explain three differences between Australopiths and members of the genus Homo.