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15.1 What Is Ecology?
Levels of Organization in Ecology 15.2 Trophic Levels and Food Chains
Consumers Decomposers 15.3 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
The Pyramid of Energy The Pyramid of Numbers The Pyramid of Biomass 15.4 The Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems—Biogeochemical Cycles
The Hydrologic Cycle The Nitrogen Cycle The Phosphorus Cycle Nutrient Cycles and Geologic Time 15.5 Human Use of Ecosystems
The Energy Pyramid and Human Nutrition OUTLOOKS 15.1: Changes in the Food Chain of the Great Lakes OUTLOOKS 15.2: Dead Zones HOW SCIENCE WORKS 15.1: Scientists Accumulate Knowledge About Climate Change |