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Chapter Outline
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16.1 The Nature of Communities
    Defining Community Boundaries
    Complexity and Stability
    Communities Are Dynamic

16.2 Niche and Habitat
    The Niche Concept
    The Habitat Concept

16.3 Kinds of Organism Interactions
    Competition
    Competition and Natural Selection
    Predation
    Symbiotic Relationships
    Parasitism
    Special Kinds of Predation and Parasitism
    Commensalism
    Mutualism

16.4 Types of Communities
    Temperate Deciduous Forest
    Temperate Grassland (Prairie)
    Savanna
    Mediterranean Shrublands (Chaparral)
    Tropical Dry Forest
    Desert
    Boreal Coniferous Forest
    Temperate Rainforest
    Tundra
    Tropical Rainforest
    The Relationship Between Elevation and Climate

16.5 Major Aquatic Ecosystems
    Marine Ecosystems
    Freshwater Ecosystems

16.6 Succession
    Primary Succession
    Secondary Succession
    Modern Concepts of Succession and Climax
    Succession and Human Activity

16.7 The Impact of Human Actions on Communities
    Introduced Species
    Predator Control
    Habitat Destruction
    Pesticide Use
    Biomagnification

HOW SCIENCE WORKS 16.1: Whole Ecosystem Experiments
OUTLOOKS 16.1: Varzea Forests—Seasonally Flooded Amazon Tropical Forests







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