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| 1 | |
Which statement is true? |
| | A) | Technically, mitosis is a nuclear event and does not involve cytokinesis, which is a cytoplasmic event. |
| | B) | Cytokinesis is a part of mitosis. |
| | C) | The terms cytokinesis and mitosis can be used synonymously. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 2 | |
When discussing the cell cycle, interphase consists of the following phases: |
| | A) | Cytokinesis, G1, and G0. |
| | B) | G1, S, and G2. |
| | C) | Cytokinesis, G0, and S. |
| | D) | G0, G1, and G2. |
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| 3 | |
One of the principal events of the G2 phase is the |
| | A) | production of tRNA. |
| | B) | synthesis of spindle fiber proteins. |
| | C) | replication of DNA. |
| | D) | differentiation of cells into specific tissue types. |
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| 4 | |
Which statement is true about the cell cycle continuum? |
| | A) | The phases of mitosis are very specific; the stages of the cell cycle are primarily for convenience rather than for the identification of specific events. |
| | B) | The stages of the cell cycle are very specific; the phases of mitosis are primarily for convenience rather than for the identification of specific events. |
| | C) | The phases of mitosis and the stages of the cell cycle are both very specific and are easily identifiable. |
| | D) | The phases of mitosis and the stages of the cell cycle are both identified primarily for convenience rather than because they are easily identified events. |
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| 5 | |
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
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| 6 | |
During which phase of mitosis do the new daughter nuclei form? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
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| 7 | |
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes begin their migration to their respective poles? |
| | A) | prophase |
| | B) | metaphase |
| | C) | anaphase |
| | D) | telophase |
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| 8 | |
Which statement about centrioles is true? |
| | A) | Centrioles are composed of DNA and histone proteins. |
| | B) | Centrioles are apparently essential in plant cells but they are not usually found in animal cells. |
| | C) | Centrioles are apparently essential in both plant cells and animal cells. |
| | D) | Plant cells do not form their spindle between centrioles, but the spindle still forms during prophase. |
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| 9 | |
These kinds of changes can lead to malfunctions of oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. This in turn can lead to a mutation in the genes that control cell division. |
| | A) | malignant |
| | B) | epigenetic |
| | C) | metastatic |
| | D) | positional |
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| 10 | |
The genes involved in determining eye color are found in |
| | A) | the cells in the iris of the eye, but not in other cells. |
| | B) | the embryonic cells that developed into the iris of the eye, but not in other cells. |
| | C) | all of the cells of the eye, but these genes are only expressed in the iris itself. |
| | D) | every nucleated cell in the body. |
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| 11 | |
The process of forming specialized cells within a multicellular organism is known as |
| | A) | cellular synthesis. |
| | B) | antimetabolite formation. |
| | C) | determination. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 12 | |
A benign tumor |
| | A) | tends to spread beyond its original area of growth, but spreads more slowly than a malignant tumor. |
| | B) | can cause damage by interfering with normal body functions. |
| | C) | often becomes malignant over time. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 13 | |
Malignant tumors |
| | A) | are nonencapsulated. |
| | B) | metastasize and establish new colonies in other regions of the body. |
| | C) | may cause new blood vessels to grow to supply them with nutrients. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 14 | |
Radiation therapy |
| | A) | is often used along with chemotherapy. |
| | B) | may damage healthy tissue as well as cancerous tissue. |
| | C) | seems to induce apoptosis. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 15 | |
Gene p53 |
| | A) | initiates apoptosis, thus digesting the cell from the inside out. |
| | B) | increases the growth rate of malignant tumors. |
| | C) | causes cancer cells to divide more rapidly. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 16 | |
The centromeres split during |
| | A) | anaphase. |
| | B) | prophase. |
| | C) | metaphase. |
| | D) | interphase. |
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| 17 | |
What would happen if microtubules where prevented from forming during mitosis? |
| | A) | the cell plate would not form |
| | B) | replication would not occur |
| | C) | centromeres would not split |
| | D) | anaphase cannot occur |
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| 18 | |
The normal state of chromosomes in prophase is as |
| | A) | daughter chromosomes. |
| | B) | chromosomes composed of two chromatids. |
| | C) | chromatids composed of two chromosomes. |
| | D) | chromosomes consist of single chromatids. |
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| 19 | |
The presence of cell walls in plants is associated with ________ in telophase. |
| | A) | cleavage furrows |
| | B) | spindle fiber formation |
| | C) | differentiation |
| | D) | cell plate formation |
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| 20 | |
During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur? |
| | A) | the S stage of interphase |
| | B) | anaphase of mitosis |
| | C) | G2 stage of metaphase |
| | D) | prophase |
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| 21 | |
Nerve cells do not normally undergo mitosis. This means that |
| | A) | the brain is unimportant. |
| | B) | your brain cannot grow. |
| | C) | cytokinesis will be common in nerve tissue. |
| | D) | transcription of DNA will not occur. |
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| 22 | |
Radiation is able to successfully control cancer because |
| | A) | cancer cells do not grow rapidly. |
| | B) | cancer cells spend most of their time in the S stage of prophase. |
| | C) | it stimulates programmed cell death. |
| | D) | these agents only affect diseased cells. |
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| 23 | |
The correct order for the stages of mitosis is |
| | A) | prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase. |
| | B) | metaphase - prophase - anaphase - telophase. |
| | C) | prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase. |
| | D) | prophase - metaphase - telophase - anaphase. |
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| 24 | |
Compared to the mother cell, daughter cells at the end of mitosis have __________ number of chromosomes. |
| | A) | half the |
| | B) | the same |
| | C) | twice the |
| | D) | none of the above |
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| 25 | |
Which one of the following is not an event of telophase? |
| | A) | nucleoli reappear |
| | B) | spindle disappears |
| | C) | daughter nuclei form |
| | D) | centrioles duplicate |
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| 26 | |
During anaphase |
| | A) | chromosomes become visible. |
| | B) | daughter chromosomes migrate to the poles. |
| | C) | chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane. |
| | D) | cytokinesis is completed. |
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| 27 | |
Cell division is needed for |
| | A) | growth. |
| | B) | replacement of warn-out cells. |
| | C) | healing of damaged tissue. |
| | D) | All of these. |
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| 28 | |
Chromosomes are composed of sister chromatids during |
| | A) | interphase. |
| | B) | prophase only. |
| | C) | prophase and metaphase. |
| | D) | prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. |
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| 29 | |
Sister chromatids contain |
| | A) | identical strands of DNA. |
| | B) | half of a duplex DNA molecule. |
| | C) | different genetic information. |
| | D) | one gene. |
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| 30 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about sexual reproduction? |
| | A) | It is a successful method of exchanging genetic information. |
| | B) | It involves shuffling of genetic information. |
| | C) | It requires that the chromosome number be reduced for the formation of the gametes. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 31 | |
A zygote has a(n) __________ number of chromosomes. |
| | A) | haploid |
| | B) | diploid |
| | C) | triploid |
| | D) | undetermined |
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| 32 | |
The sex cells are called __________ and the process whereby they unite is called __________. |
| | A) | gametes / fertilization |
| | B) | gametes / gametogenesis |
| | C) | egg and sperm / zygote facilitation |
| | D) | egg and sperm / gametogenesis |
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| 33 | |
The term "homologous chromosomes" refers to |
| | A) | a single set of chromosomes--such as a haploid set. |
| | B) | a pair of chromosomes that contain similar or corresponding genes. |
| | C) | chromosomes that are similar in a number of different species. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 34 | |
The knot-like structure holding the strands of DNA together is the |
| | A) | chromatid. |
| | B) | centromere. |
| | C) | centrosome. |
| | D) | chromomere. |
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| 35 | |
The term "reduction division" means that |
| | A) | when the cell divides, the chromosomes undergo a series of reduction reactions. |
| | B) | when the cell divides, each daughter cell receives a reduced number of chromosomes. |
| | C) | the cell must undergo a series of reduction reactions before chromosomal division can occur. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 36 | |
Which statement is true? |
| | A) | The phases of meiosis I are clearly defined, but the phases of meiosis II are artificial constructs. |
| | B) | The phases of meiosis I are artificial constructs, but the phases of meiosis II are clearly defined. |
| | C) | Neither the phases of meiosis I nor the phases of meiosis II are clearly defined; both are artificial constructs. |
| | D) | Both the phases of meiosis I and the phases of meiosis II are clearly defined. |
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| 37 | |
The process of separating homologous chromosomes and the genes they carry is called |
| | A) | independent assortment. |
| | B) | synapsis. |
| | C) | segregation. |
| | D) | None of these. |
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| 38 | |
Crossing-over is a characteristic of |
| | A) | prophase I. |
| | B) | prophase II. |
| | C) | metaphase II. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 39 | |
Anaphase II differs from anaphase I because during anaphase II |
| | A) | the spindle fibers are not present. |
| | B) | the centromere of each chromosome divides. |
| | C) | the daughter chromosomes use the "crossing over" technique. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 40 | |
As a general rule |
| | A) | after telophase II, there are four haploid cells. |
| | B) | the events of meiosis are essentially the same for both egg and sperm. |
| | C) | meiosis is necessary to maintain the correct number of chromosomes in each cell. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 41 | |
Two genes are said to be linked if both |
| | A) | code for the same trait. |
| | B) | have the same biochemical backbone. |
| | C) | are found on the same chromosome. |
| | D) | must be present for either to function. |
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| 42 | |
Nondisjunction occurs when |
| | A) | a chromosome does not migrate properly and becomes a part of the "wrong" daughter cell. |
| | B) | crossing-over causes a breakage in the arm of the chromosome. |
| | C) | the rules of independent assortment do not apply. |
| | D) | the karyotype is determined. |
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| 43 | |
Which statement(s) is/are true about Down syndrome? |
| | A) | The evidence supports the age of the mother's egg as a factor in the syndrome. |
| | B) | Either the egg or the sperm can contribute the gamete with the extra chromosome. |
| | C) | It used to be thought that a 14/21 chromosomal translocation was a cause of Down syndrome. |
| | D) | The gene for Down syndrome is located on an autosome rather than on a sex chromosome. |
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| 44 | |
The exchange of genetic material (genes) between segments of homologous chromosomes results in |
| | A) | new gene combinations. |
| | B) | zygotes. |
| | C) | diploid cells. |
| | D) | segregation of genes. |
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| 45 | |
A process that occurs during prophase I is |
| | A) | segregation. |
| | B) | synapsis. |
| | C) | reduction division. |
| | D) | independent assortment. |
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| 46 | |
The diploid number of chromosomes is found in cells during |
| | A) | prophase II. |
| | B) | telophase I. |
| | C) | anaphase II. |
| | D) | prophase I. |
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| 47 | |
The fact that each homologous pair of chromosomes in humans separates and moves to the poles without being influenced by the other pairs is |
| | A) | segregation. |
| | B) | disintegration. |
| | C) | independent assortment. |
| | D) | fertilization. |
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| 48 | |
A new nuclear membrane is formed in |
| | A) | anaphase I. |
| | B) | prophase II. |
| | C) | telophase I. |
| | D) | anaphase II. |
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| 49 | |
In mitosis the centromeres split during anaphase; and, in meiosis during |
| | A) | anaphase I. |
| | B) | telophase I. |
| | C) | prophase II. |
| | D) | anaphase II. |
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| 50 | |
Diploid cells are formed by |
| | A) | synapsis. |
| | B) | reduction division. |
| | C) | fertilization. |
| | D) | independent assortment. |
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| 51 | |
An organism having a diploid number of 12 forms gametes having |
| | A) | 6 chromosomes. |
| | B) | 12 chromosomes. |
| | C) | 18 chromosomes. |
| | D) | 24 chromosomes. |
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| 52 | |
Segregation of homologous chromosomes occurs during |
| | A) | mitosis. |
| | B) | meiosis I. |
| | C) | meiosis II. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 53 | |
A gamete can have too many or too few chromosomes when ___________ occurs. |
| | A) | nondisjunction |
| | B) | crossing over |
| | C) | synapsis |
| | D) | independent assortment |
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| 54 | |
Variation among offspring in sexually reproducing organisms comes about by |
| | A) | crossing over. |
| | B) | fertilization. |
| | C) | independent assortment. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 55 | |
Gametogenesis produces |
| | A) | sex cells. |
| | B) | gonads. |
| | C) | zygotes. |
| | D) | testes. |
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| 56 | |
Crossing-over occurs between |
| | A) | sister chromatids. |
| | B) | homologous chromosomes. |
| | C) | gametes. |
| | D) | spindle fibers. |
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| 57 | |
Which of the following represents chromosome number before and after the process of meiosis? |
| | A) | n --> n |
| | B) | n --> 2n |
| | C) | 2n --> n |
| | D) | 2n --> 2n |
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