 |
| 1 | |
A _____ is an action or mental representation that organizes knowledge. |
| | A) | scheme |
| | B) | habit |
| | C) | reflex |
| | D) | tertiary circular reaction |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
When a child incorporates new information into existing knowledge, this is called |
| | A) | equilibration. |
| | B) | organization. |
| | C) | assimilation. |
| | D) | accommodation. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Object permanence is to _______ as conservation is to ________. |
| | A) | sensorimotor; preoperations |
| | B) | sensorimotor; concrete operations |
| | C) | preoperations; concrete operations |
| | D) | concrete operations; sensorimotor |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Which of the following accurately lists some of the six substages of the sensorimotor stage in order of appearance? |
| | A) | Simple reflexes, first habits, internalization of schemes |
| | B) | First habits, internalization of schemes, secondary circular reactions |
| | C) | First habits, secondary circular reactions, simple reflexes |
| | D) | Tertiary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, internalization of schemes |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
An example of a primary circular reaction is |
| | A) | a 2-week-old infant sucking on a bottle when placed in her mouth. |
| | B) | an infant shaking a rattle continuously. |
| | C) | an infant sucking on her thumb. |
| | D) | an infant engaging in baby talk. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
According to Piaget, the starting point for human curiosity and interest in novelty begins in the ____________ substage. |
| | A) | first habits |
| | B) | internalization of schemes |
| | C) | secondary circular reactions |
| | D) | tertiary circular reactions |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Renee Baillargeon's research modified our understanding of an infant's acquisition of object permanence. Baillargeon found that infants who demonstrated object permanence |
| | A) | stared longer at an impossible event than a possible event. |
| | B) | stared longer at a possible event than an impossible event. |
| | C) | recognized that an object would roll father if it was hit by a large cylinder. |
| | D) | recognized that an object would roll father if it was hit by a small cylinder. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Walt Disney stories like Bambi and The Lion King are so popular with preschool-aged children because of which aspect of preoperational thought? |
| | A) | Egocentrism |
| | B) | Animism |
| | C) | Assimilation |
| | D) | Accommodation |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
An example of a child in the symbolic function substage of preoperational thinking is |
| | A) | Lily, who asks her mom dozens of questions while on a walk. |
| | B) | Eamon, who fails a conservation of liquid task. |
| | C) | Marco, who passes the seriation test. |
| | D) | Erin, who draws a picture of her dad that looks like a bunch of scribbles. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Logical reasoning is a defining characteristic of which stage of Piaget's theory? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor |
| | B) | Preoperational |
| | C) | Operational |
| | D) | Formal operational |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Maggie, 15 years old, refuses to go to school because she woke up with a pimple on her face. She believes everyone will notice it and make fun of her. Elkind refers to this type of thinking as |
| | A) | personal fable. |
| | B) | imaginary audience. |
| | C) | risk-avoidant. |
| | D) | seriation. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Applying Piaget's ideas to teaching children involves all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | taking a constructivist approach. |
| | B) | facilitating, rather than directing, learning. |
| | C) | considering the child's knowledge and level of thinking. |
| | D) | promoting the student's physical health. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Theoretical revisions of Piaget's theory suggest __________ cognitive competencies in infants and children and ___________ shortcomings of adolescents and adults. |
| | A) | more; less |
| | B) | more; more |
| | C) | less; less |
| | D) | less; more |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Which researcher is associated with the concept of zone of proximal development? |
| | A) | Jean Piaget |
| | B) | Lev Vygotsky |
| | C) | David Elkind |
| | D) | a Neo-Piagetian |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
______ is a technique associated with Vygotsky's theory in which a parent might begin teaching a child a new skill through direct instruction. As the child learns, the parent changes the level of support in response. |
| | A) | Zone of proximal development |
| | B) | Animism |
| | C) | Scaffolding |
| | D) | Hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Margo is teaching Tom to play a new composition for the piano. Initially, Margo must provide each explanation, many hints, and several demonstrations. As Tom practices, Margo's instruction is reduced. Gradually, Tom learns to perform the composition well all by himself. This is an example of Lev Vygotsky's concept of |
| | A) | assimilation. |
| | B) | wisdom. |
| | C) | apprenticeship training. |
| | D) | zone of proximal development. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
The most accurate emphasis reflected in Vygotsky's ZPD theory is |
| | A) | social constructivist approach. |
| | B) | constructivist approach. |
| | C) | hypothetical-deductive reasoning. |
| | D) | all the above |
|
|
.