After reading Chapter 16, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the contributions of E. L. Thorndike and J. B. Watson to Skinner's learning theory.
2. Explain Skinner's philosophy of science.
3. Discuss the effects on behavior of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment.
4. Explain the differences between operant and classical conditioning.
5. Describe the process of shaping and give examples of how complex behaviors can be shaped.
6. Identify and give examples of four different schedules of reinforcement.
7. Distinguish between conditioned and generalized reinforcers.
8. Discuss ways in which natural selection influences personality.
9. Discuss Skinner's views on inner states and complex behavior.
10. List the methods of social control and self-control, according to Skinner.
11. Explain Skinner's approach to understanding the unhealthy personality.