 |
| 1 | |
Which term best describes B. F. Skinner? |
| | A) | determinist |
| | B) | psychotherapist |
| | C) | cognitive psychologist |
| | D) | sociologist |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
While in college, Skinner aspired to become a |
| | A) | professional baseball player. |
| | B) | writer. |
| | C) | psychologist. |
| | D) | lawyer. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Thorndike's law of effect states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be |
| | A) | ignored. |
| | B) | stamped in. |
| | C) | stamped out. |
| | D) | extinguished. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
John Watson argued that the goal of psychology is |
| | A) | to determine the drives that motivate behavior. |
| | B) | to study sensation, perception, and imagery. |
| | C) | to study behavior subjectively; that is, through introspection. |
| | D) | to study behavior objectively. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
According to Skinner, internal mental states such as thinking, foresight, and reasoning |
| | A) | do not exist. |
| | B) | exist, but should not be used to explain behavior. |
| | C) | exist and should be used to explain behavior. |
| | D) | do not exist, but nevertheless can be used to explain human behavior. |
| | E) | are solely responsible for human behavior. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
After Skinner's younger brother died, his parents |
| | A) | blamed Skinner for the child's death. |
| | B) | separated and later divorced. |
| | C) | did not want to let Skinner go. |
| | D) | insisted that Skinner return to Harvard and work toward a PhD. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Skinner believed the most crucial aspect of science is |
| | A) | measurement. |
| | B) | hypothesis testing. |
| | C) | explanations of natural phenomena. |
| | D) | valuing empirical observation. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes this procedure. |
| | A) | classical conditioning |
| | B) | punishment |
| | C) | cognitive mediation |
| | D) | successive approximation |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is a |
| | A) | negative reinforcer. |
| | B) | positive reinforcer. |
| | C) | reward. |
| | D) | negative punishment. |
| | E) | positive punishment. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because |
| | A) | reward is more humane than punishment. |
| | B) | punishment is more expensive. |
| | C) | the effects of punishment are less predictable. |
| | D) | the effects of reward are less predictable. |
|
|
.