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| 1 | |
Dr. Dunn is interested in studying how specific memory processes change throughout the lifespan. He decides to study 8 different age groups (10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, 70-, and 80-year-olds) at the same point in time. Dr. Dunn is using a |
| | A) | cross-sectional design. |
| | B) | longitudinal design. |
| | C) | sequential design. |
| | D) | cohort design. |
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| 2 | |
What is the correct order of the three stages of prenatal development? |
| | A) | Embryonic, germinal, foetal |
| | B) | Germinal, embryonic, foetal |
| | C) | Embryonic, germinal, foetal |
| | D) | Embryonic, germinal, infant |
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| 3 | |
External agents or substances that cause abnormal prenatal development are called |
| | A) | estrogens. |
| | B) | androgens. |
| | C) | teratogens. |
| | D) | inhibitors. |
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| 4 | |
The process of physical development is |
| | A) | solely determined by genetic factors. |
| | B) | solely determined by environmental factors. |
| | C) | guided by genetic factors but also involves environmental factors. |
| | D) | largely determined by environmental factors but also involves genetic factors |
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| 5 | |
Nabeela is a new mother. She notices that when she strokes her baby's cheek, the baby turns his head in the direction it was touched. What is this called? |
| | A) | Moro reflex |
| | B) | Sucking reflex |
| | C) | Babinski reflex |
| | D) | Rooting reflex |
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| 6 | |
Amanda's father hides her doll behind his back. At 3 months, Amanda cried because she thought the toy had disappeared. At 8 months she is trying to look behind her father's back for her toy. What is the most likely explanation for Amanda's new ability to search for hidden items? |
| | A) | Amanda has mastered object permanence. |
| | B) | Amanda has not mastered object permanence. |
| | C) | Amanda has mastered the principle of conservation. |
| | D) | Amanda has not mastered the principle of conservation. |
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| 7 | |
Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? |
| | A) | Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Preoperational, Formal Operational |
| | B) | Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Formal Operational, Concrete Operational |
| | C) | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational |
| | D) | Sensory, Preceptional, Formalised, Conceptional |
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| 8 | |
What is a limitation of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? |
| | A) | Cognitive development is more complex and variable than Piaget proposed. |
| | B) | Piaget overemphasised the role of culture. |
| | C) | Piaget identified too many stages of development. |
| | D) | He did not take into account the age of the child when developing his theory. |
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| 9 | |
The difference between what a child can do independently and what they can do with assistance from an adult is known as |
| | A) | the zone of proximal development. |
| | B) | the concrete operational stage. |
| | C) | accommodation. |
| | D) | metacognition. |
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| 10 | |
A ____________ period is an age range where certain experiences must occur whereas a _______ period is an optimal age range for these experiences to occur. |
| | A) | sensitive; critical |
| | B) | necessary; optional |
| | C) | critical; sensitive |
| | D) | essential; sensitised |
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| 11 | |
At birth infants are able to |
| | A) | discriminate between different parts of their bodies being touched. |
| | B) | distinguish between different odours. |
| | C) | prefer sounds they have heard whilst still in the womb. |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to longitudinal designs? |
| | A) | They are time-consuming. |
| | B) | They can suffer from sample attrition (shrinkage). |
| | C) | They allow the exploration of individual developmental trajectories. |
| | D) | They combine the cross-sectional and sequential approaches. |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following can be a consequence of smoking during pregnancy? |
| | A) | Miscarriage |
| | B) | Premature birth |
| | C) | Low birth weight |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 14 | |
Dementia is |
| | A) | solely a disorder of memory. |
| | B) | only seen in adults in their 60s and older. |
| | C) | a gradual loss of cognitive functioning. |
| | D) | curable and preventable. |
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| 15 | |
Keiran is 15 years old and having difficulties relating to his parents, believing they cannot possibly understand how he feels. This is an example of |
| | A) | the imaginary audience. |
| | B) | the personal fable. |
| | C) | juvenile egocentrism. |
| | D) | teenage drama. |
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