Read how researchers have identified four foundational components of children's moral development (social orientation, self-control, compliance, self-esteem) and four central aspects of moral functioning (empathy, conscience, moral reasoning, altruism). Five core parenting processes (induction, nurturance, demandingness, modeling, democratic family process) that are related to the development of these eight child characteristics are identified and discussed. (
http://parenthood.library.wisc.edu/Berkowitz/Berkowitz.html
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Read this extensive article by Kathy Preusse that outlines the key stages in social development in young children, as well as highlighting the roles that teachers, parents and peers have to play in moulding prosocial behaviour in children (
http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=566
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Review what researchers at the NYU Child Study Center have to say about aggression in children. They include behaviours to watch for in preschool children, school-aged children and teenagers. (
http://www.aboutourkids.org/files/articles/bully_10_03_e.pdf
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Consider the findings of a longitudinal study on television and aggression. The results indicate that children who identify with aggressive television characters, and perceive the violence to be realistic, are most at risk for later aggression. (
http://www.apa.org/releases/media_violence.html
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Read about two studies published in the APA "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." It is reported that violent video games may be more harmful than violent television and movies because they are interactive, very engrossing and require the player to identify with the aggressor. (
http://www.apa.org/releases/videogames.html
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Explore the problem of youth violence by reading the Surgeon General's 2001 report. It summarizes the newest research on youth violence and discusses the extent of the problem, its causes, and what we know about effective ways to prevent youth violence. (
http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/chapter1/sec1.html
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eview the CDC's electronic version of "Best Practices." It is a look at the effectiveness of specific violence prevention practices in four key areas: parents and families; home visiting; social and conflict resolution skills; and mentoring. (
http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/bestpractices.htm
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ind out more about bullying and bullying prevention from the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. This site includes information for parents, grandparents, teachers, counselors, law enforcement officers, and children and teens. (
http://mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/15plus/aboutbullying.asp
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Visit this website to see some of the real-world efforts being made by charities, such as beatbullying.org, to help those who are victims of bullying. Websites like this provide a wealth of information about what to do if being bullied, as well as mentors and professionals on hand to help those in need. (
http://cybermentors.org.uk/
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