The focus of this chapter is on cultural adaptations in the areas of technology, systems of food procurement, and systems of distribution. The development of the evolutionary ecological model, placed in historical context, begins the chapter. This was chosen as the organizational strategy because it is holistic and places emphasis on the adaptive nature of culture. Features common to forager societies are presented. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of individual cultural adaptations and the common patterning of features associated with each procurement strategy.