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provide nourishment to neurons, insulate them, help repair damage, and generally support neural functioning. |
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The major parts of the neuron are the , the , and the . |
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Axons end in small bulges called terminal buttons that send messages to other neurons. The terminal buttons contain . |
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Neurons follow a(n) law; they are either on or off. |
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Even though all impulses move at the same strength or speed through a particular axon, there is variation in the . |
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The is an electrical impulse that travels through a neuron's axon when it is set off by a trigger. |
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messages make it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire. |
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The consists of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the consists of everything else. |
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The spinal cord is not just a communications conduit; it also controls some simple kinds of behavior on its own. These behaviors are called . |
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Sensory, or , neurons transmit information from the sensory organs to the central nervous system, and motor, or , neurons communicate information from the nervous system to muscles. |
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In a stressful situation, such as one in which you have five minutes to turn in your paper and have just found a parking space, the engages all of your resources to prepare your body to respond to stressful emergency situations (e.g., running across campus). |
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In , scientists inject genes meant to cure a particular disease into a patient's bloodstream. |
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Connections among neurons are not the only means of communication within the body. The secretes chemicals that circulate through the blood, communicating messages that influence behavior and many aspects of biological functioning. |
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exposes a tiny region of the brain to a strong magnetic field, causing a momentary interruption of the brain's electrical activity. |
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The human brain weighs about . |
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Sometimes referred to as the old brain, the is quite similar in all vertebrates. |
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The structures of the jointly control a variety of basic functions relating to emotions and self-preservation, such as eating, aggression, and reproduction. |
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Features that are unique to the human brain are the abilities to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments. These abilities are located primarily in the . |
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Higher mental processes, such as thinking, language, memory, and speech, are located in . |
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New research highlights the fact that the brain continually reorganizes itself in a process termed . |
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is a procedure in which a person learns to control internal physiological processes through conscious thought. |
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