 |
1 | |
To counter the problem posed by the fallacy of dramatic instance, we need to determine if a very few cases based on ______________ represent the norm rather than exceptions. |
| | A) | research |
| | B) | observation |
| | C) | theory |
| | D) | experience |
|
|
2 | |
The authors of your text have adopted a ______________ perspective based on the idea of social problems as contradictions. |
| | A) | general |
| | B) | critical |
| | C) | theoretical |
| | D) | research |
|
|
3 | |
The unfortunate and counterproductive effect of the fallacy of retrospective determinism is that it sees social problems as: |
| | A) | inevitable. |
| | B) | determined by social conditions. |
| | C) | redundant. |
| | D) | determined by one's perspective. |
|
|
4 | |
If I explain to you that people are poor because poor people are inherently lazy, I am expressing the fallacy of: |
| | A) | appeal to false reasoning. |
| | B) | circular reasoning. |
| | C) | misplaced concreteness. |
| | D) | appeal to traditional values. |
|
|
5 | |
To speak of ____________ as a cause of poverty is an example of reification. |
| | A) | unemployment |
| | B) | racial discrimination |
| | C) | society |
| | D) | being handicapped |
|
|
6 | |
According to your text, the fallacy of an illegitimate appeal to authority may inaccurately portray conditions or facts related to poverty in all of the following ways except: |
| | A) | simply being wrong. |
| | B) | being ambiguous. |
| | C) | being irrelevant. |
| | D) | being irrational. |
|
|
7 | |
Expressing the fallacy of ______________, I assume that since Geno overcame the influence of being raised in a rough neighborhood in the Bronx, his brothers Vito and Stephen should also have achieved a middle-class place in life. |
| | A) | circular reasoning |
| | B) | composition |
| | C) | an appeal to traditional values |
| | D) | misplaced concreteness |
|
|
8 | |
According to research cited in your text, how does the rate of job turnover among women compare to the turnover among men in jobs that require similar tasks or levels of skills? |
| | A) | For women, the rate of turnover is much higher. |
| | B) | For women, the rate of turnover is somewhat higher. |
| | C) | Women and men have a similar rate of turnover. |
| | D) | Women have a lower rate of turnover than men. |
|
|
9 | |
With respect to one fallacy of popular opinion, it turns out that facts: |
| | A) | require interpretation. |
| | B) | never speak for themselves. |
| | C) | must occasionally be revised before they can be interpreted. |
| | D) | are inherently misleading. |
|
|
10 | |
We can most accurately say of social research that it is ______________ and empirical. |
| | A) | hypothetical |
| | B) | valid |
| | C) | dependable |
| | D) | rational |
|
|
11 | |
Two aspects of social reality can be studied through survey research. One of these is the distribution of people across some dimension - e.g., political preference - and the other allows us to discover: |
| | A) | the validity of variables. |
| | B) | the validity of relationships. |
| | C) | the relationships among variables. |
| | D) | the reliability of variables. |
|
|
12 | |
The idea behind the legal tradition that a husband cannot rape his wife was justified by the assumption that: |
| | A) | rape is not a legal term. |
| | B) | few women actually like sex. |
| | C) | women should be required to have children. |
| | D) | women are property. |
|
|
13 | |
I take a sample of primary school children and use a survey to establish their reading level. My score for each child is expressed in terms of an equivalent grade level, from 1 through 9. To establish the percentages of children ranking low, medium, and high on my sample, I will need to establish: |
| | A) | the mean score for the group. |
| | B) | the frequency distribution for the group. |
| | C) | the median score for children in my sample. |
| | D) | a test of significance among reading-level scores. |
|
|
14 | |
Dividing my subjects into two matched groups, I set up an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of two different methods of educating high school students about the negative effects of racial stereotypes. I measure the effects of the two teaching methods by administering a racial sensitivity test to all of the students after their course has been completed. In this experiment, the independent variable is: |
| | A) | not specified. |
| | B) | the two teaching methods. |
| | C) | the scores on the racial sensitivity test. |
| | D) | racial stereotypes. |
|
|
15 | |
An experiment conducted by Johnson, Jackson, and Gatto regarding the effects of antisocial rap music supported the hypothesis that, among young African Americans, rap lyrics with violent content: |
| | A) | actually decrease the acceptance of violence. |
| | B) | increase the acceptance of violence and devalue education. |
| | C) | have no effect on the valuation of education, but increase the acceptance of violence. |
| | D) | have no substantial effect on either the acceptance of violence or the valuation of education. |
|
|
16 | |
In the experiment conducted by Johnson, Jackson, and Gatto, cited above, the dependent variable of primary interest to the researchers was: |
| | A) | rejection of violence. |
| | B) | exposure to violent rap lyrics. |
| | C) | acceptance of violence. |
| | D) | exposure to peer pressure. |
|
|
17 | |
The research by Pamela Jackson into commitment to policing disclosed that the proportion of blacks in a population affected commitment to policing: |
| | A) | primarily in larger urban areas. |
| | B) | in both large and small urban settings. |
| | C) | mainly in suburban areas. |
| | D) | primarily in smaller cities. |
|
|
18 | |
The research by Jackson that was cited above was based on: |
| | A) | government crime data. |
| | B) | government census data. |
| | C) | government crime and census data. |
| | D) | data related to crime and poverty. |
|
|
19 | |
According to McCall and Simmons, as cited in your text, participant observation can be said to include any of the following except: |
| | A) | statistical analysis |
| | B) | formal and informal interviews. |
| | C) | observations in the field. |
| | D) | collecting documents and artifacts. |
|
|
20 | |
According to participant observation research conducted by Ruth Horowitz, adult Hispanic gang members maintained allegiance to their group, the Lions, for two crucial reasons. They were: |
| | A) | maintaining honor as a value and sharing drugs. |
| | B) | limited economic success and dealing in drugs. |
| | C) | limited economic success and rejection of American ideals of success. |
| | D) | maintaining honor as a value and limited economic success. |
|
|
21 | |
In the study of social problems, we must recognize that exceptions will always be found. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
22 | |
As explained by the authors of your text, an ad hominem argument may involve attacking the people who are the victims of a social problem. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
23 | |
Via the fallacy of composition, I tend to assume that what is true of one Asian American is likely to be true of all Asian Americans. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
24 | |
In an array of test scores, a very small number of scores that are quite high will affect the median for the distribution, but not the mean. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
25 | |
In participant observation, the researcher observes the social reality under study in order to accept the values and attitudes of those being studied. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education