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1 | |
A motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests is |
| | A) | empathy. |
| | B) | reciprocity. |
| | C) | altruism. |
| | D) | a personality trait. |
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2 | |
The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards is |
| | A) | social-exchange theory. |
| | B) | social-interaction theory. |
| | C) | reciprocity theory. |
| | D) | social norms theory. |
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3 | |
A motive to increase one's own welfare is |
| | A) | the illusion of control effect. |
| | B) | achievement motivation. |
| | C) | self-efficacy. |
| | D) | egoism. |
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4 | |
According to research by Daniel Batson, altruism may have its basis in feelings of |
| | A) | guilt. |
| | B) | empathy. |
| | C) | sadness. |
| | D) | happiness. |
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5 | |
An expectation that people will help those who have helped them is |
| | A) | social norm. |
| | B) | social-responsibility norm. |
| | C) | reciprocity norm. |
| | D) | restitution norm. |
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6 | |
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them is |
| | A) | social-responsibility norm. |
| | B) | reciprocity norm. |
| | C) | dependent norm. |
| | D) | social norm. |
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7 | |
The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes is |
| | A) | evolutionary altruism. |
| | B) | kin selection. |
| | C) | the close relatives effect. |
| | D) | the mutually shared genes effect. |
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8 | |
According to the text, one possible reason why people in New York are less helpful is that |
| | A) | they have more things to do than people in smaller environs. |
| | B) | reciprocity does not work as well in big cities as in smaller groups. |
| | C) | they feel they are superior to people in smaller environs. |
| | D) | they have not internalized the social responsibility norm. |
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9 | |
The finding that a person is less likely to help when there are other people around is |
| | A) | the bystander effect. |
| | B) | the reciprocity effect. |
| | C) | the situational influence effect. |
| | D) | the negative empathy effect. |
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10 | |
In Latane and Darley's research involving staging an epileptic seizure, _________ percent of those who thought they were alone and ________ percent of those who thought there were others left the room to seek aid. |
| | A) | 66, 24 |
| | B) | 76, 42 |
| | C) | 85, 31 |
| | D) | 90, 54 |
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11 | |
Researchers had participants working in a room either by themselves or with two strangers. When smoke was pumped into the room through a vent, the solitary participant |
| | A) | noticed the smoke quicker than those in groups. |
| | B) | was less likely to act. |
| | C) | thought the smoke was a fire. |
| | D) | finished the task quickly. |
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12 | |
Which of the following moods is most likely to motivate altruism? |
| | A) | depression |
| | B) | grief |
| | C) | guilt |
| | D) | anger |
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13 | |
According to the text, people are likely to help when |
| | A) | other people are around. |
| | B) | they feel happy. |
| | C) | they are depressed. |
| | D) | they are well educated. |
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14 | |
When the Titanic sank, ________ percent of the females and _______ percent of the males survived. |
| | A) | 60, 25 |
| | B) | 80, 40 |
| | C) | 70, 20 |
| | D) | 65, 45 |
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15 | |
According to the text, a strategy for gaining a concession is the |
| | A) | overjustification technique. |
| | B) | underjustification technique. |
| | C) | transparency technique. |
| | D) | door-in-the-face technique. |
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16 | |
From an evolutionary perspective it would be most difficult to explain why |
| | A) | someone risked his life to help a stranger. |
| | B) | someone paid his daughter's hospital bill. |
| | C) | someone risked his life to help his father. |
| | D) | someone risked his life to help his daughter. |
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17 | |
Calvin asks his mother for ice cream with strawberries and nuts on top. She refuses. He then asks for a cookie, and she grants his request. Calvin has successfully used the |
| | A) | overjustification technique. |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door technique. |
| | C) | door-in-the-face technique. |
| | D) | underjustification technique. |
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18 | |
Which technique should be taught to children to promote enduring altruistic tendencies? |
| | A) | Offer prizes for the ones that are most helpful during a certain time frame. |
| | B) | Show them Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. |
| | C) | Immediately punish any aggression. |
| | D) | Instill a sense of guilt. |
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19 | |
According to Alvin Gouldner, a universal moral code is |
| | A) | the norm of social responsibility. |
| | B) | the norm of social contract. |
| | C) | the norm of efficacy. |
| | D) | the norm of reciprocity. |
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education