Diane E. Papalia,
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman
| anoxia | lack of oxygen, which may cause brain damage.
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| Apgar scale | standard measurement of a newborn's condition; it assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
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| birth trauma | injury sustained at the time of birth.
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| Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) | neurological and behavioral test to measure neonate's responses to the environment.
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| cesarean delivery | delivery of a baby by surgical removal from the uterus.
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| electronic fetal monitoring | mechanical monitoring of fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.
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| fontanels | soft spots on head of young infant.
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| imprinting | instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.
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| lanugo | fuzzy prenatal body hair, which drops off within a few days after birth.
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| low birthweight | weight of less than 51/2 pounds (2,500 grams) at birth because of prematurity or being small for date.
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| meconium | fetal waste matter, excreted during the first few days after birth.
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| mother-infant bond | mother's feeling of close, caring connection with her newborn.
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| natural childbirth | method of childbirth that seeks to prevent pain by eliminating the mother's fear through education about the physiology of reproduction and training in breathing an relaxation during delivery.
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| neonatal jaundice | condition, in many newborn babies, caused by immaturity of liver and evidenced by yellowish appearances; can cause brain damage if not treated promptly.
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| neonatal period | first 4 weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence.
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| neonate | newborn baby, up to 4 weeks old.
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| parturition | process of uterine, cervical, and other changes, usually lasting about two weeks, preceding childbirth.
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| postmature | referring to a fetus not yet born as of 2 weeks after the due date or 42 weeks after the mother's last menstrual period.
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| prepared childbirth | method of childbirth that uses instruction, breathing exercises, and social support to induce controlled physical responses to uterine contractions and reduce fear and pain.
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| pretern (premature infants) | infants born completing the thirty-seventh week of gestation.
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| protective factors | influences that reduce the impact of early stress and tend to predict positive outcomes.
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| small-for-date (small for gestational age) infants | infants whose birthweight is less than that of 90 percent of babies of the same gestational age, as a result of slow fetal growth.
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| state of arousal | an infant's physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.
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| vernix caseosa | oily substance on a neonate's skin that protects against infection
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2002 McGraw-Hill Higher Education