| anecdotal record | A documentation method that briefly describes an activity, a snatch of conversation, a chant, and so on. Anecdotal records can be based on reflection or written on the spot.
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| double bind | A kind of mixed message that causes confusion. For example, a mother embraces a child and says, "Why don't you go play with the other children?" Her body language says "Stay here with me," but her actual words say the opposite.
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| expressive language | Language that is produced to convey ideas, feeling, thoughts, and so on. Expressive language develops later than its counterpart, receptive language.
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| holistic listening | A form of listening that goes beyond merely hearing. Holistic listening involves the whole body and uses all the senses in order to pick up subtle cues that aren't put into words or otherwise readily apparent.
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| impression management | A nonconstructive way of talking to children that discounts their feelings and their sense of reality. For example, a child says, "I don't like that sandwich." In response, the adult says, "Yes, you do." Impression management teaches children to mistrust their senses.
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| incongruence | A type of mixed message that causes confusion. For example, a person's body language might convey anger while the words contradict the emotion.
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| receptive language | Language that can be understood, though perhaps not spoken. Receptive language develops earlier than its counterpart, expressive language.
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| self-esteem | A realistic assessment of one's worth that results in feelings of confidence and satisfaction.
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