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True or False
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1
Digestive enzymes that have become activated normally have no contact with the cytoplasm of the body's cells, even though they are synthesized there.
A)True
B)False
2
Digestive reactions are limited to the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract and do not occur within the tissues.
A)True
B)False
3
The Meissner's plexus is found in the submucosa layer, or tunic.
A)True
B)False
4
Peristalsis and secretory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is increased by sympathetic stimulation.
A)True
B)False
5
The muscularis externa of the esophagus contains both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
A)True
B)False
6
Absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine requires the presence of a polypeptide, called the intrinsic factor, which is secreted by cells of the stomach.
A)True
B)False
7
In the stomach HCl splits the peptide bonds between amino acids starting the process of protein digestion.
A)True
B)False
8
The adult stomach does not digest fat or carbohydrate.
A)True
B)False
9
The stomach secretes large amounts gherlin after a meal and this hormone is thought to regulate feeding behavior.
A)True
B)False
10
A person can still adequately digest and absorb food after complete removal of the stomach.
A)True
B)False
11
The stomach is so well protected against its own acid and enzymes that it has a very low rate of cell death and slow cell replacement.
A)True
B)False
12
Duodenal ulcers in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome result from inadequate bicarbonate secretion to buffer stomach HCl entering the duodenum.
A)True
B)False
13
The small intestine tends to contract after death, so it is considerably shorter in a cadaver than in a living person.
A)True
B)False
14
The inability to digest milk is due to inactivity of an intestinal brush border enzyme, called lactase.
A)True
B)False
15
People with lactose intolerance can tolerate yogurt better than milk because yogurt does not contain lactose.
A)True
B)False
16
Chyme is mixed in the small intestine by peristalsis.
A)True
B)False
17
Slow waves are produced and conducted by the autonomic axons innervating the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
18
Goblet cells are limited to the stomach and the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
19
Villi are limited to the small intestine, they are not found in the large intestine.
A)True
B)False
20
Aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid hormone from the adrenal cortex, stimulates salt and water retention not only by the kidney but also by the ileum portion of the small intestine.
A)True
B)False
21
The capillaries in the hepatic sinusoids are somewhat unique in that there is an excessively thick basement membrane associated with these capillaries.
A)True
B)False
22
Any digestive breakdown product that is absorbed by the blood vessels of the small intestine must pass through the liver before it can proceed to any other organ of the body.
A)True
B)False
23
The liver receives all its blood from the hepatic portal vein.
A)True
B)False
24
Removal of the gallbladder would result in the inability to produce bile.
A)True
B)False
25
Any wastes excreted by the liver into the bile are eventually passed with the feces.
A)True
B)False
26
The liver is the largest gland in the body and produces a greater variety of digestive enzymes than any other component of the digestive system.
A)True
B)False
27
When bilirubin is bound to plasma albumin, it cannot be excreted in the urine or feces.
A)True
B)False
28
The liver synthesizes all the globulins found in the blood.
A)True
B)False
29
Gallstones are small, hard, mineral deposits made mainly from cholesterol molecules.
A)True
B)False
30
The endocrine components of the pancreas are called acini.
A)True
B)False
31
The pancreas produces the digestive enzymes which complete the final breakdown of carbohydrates and fats.
A)True
B)False
32
Many pancreatic enzymes are secreted as zymogens.
A)True
B)False
33
Gram for gram, fat has a higher energy content than carbohydrate and accounts for most of the calories in the average American diet.
A)True
B)False
34
Starch digestion begins in the mouth.
A)True
B)False
35
The final stage of starch digestion is carried out by pancreatic amylase.
A)True
B)False
36
Like starch digestion, protein digestion begins in the mouth.
A)True
B)False
37
Exopeptidases remove amino acids from the two ends of a polypeptide chain, while endopeptidases split peptide chains apart by hydrolyzing amino acids at various points within the chain.
A)True
B)False
38
During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion the vagus nerve is stimulated by distension of the stomach.
A)True
B)False
39
Emulsification is the first step in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids.
A)True
B)False
40
Triglycerides must be broken down completely to glycerol and three free fatty acids before the epithelial cells of the small intestine can absorb them.
A)True
B)False
41
Hydrolysis of triglycerides occurs in the lumen of the small intestine, but triglycerides are then reassembled within the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells for absorption.
A)True
B)False
42
Lipids must be incorporated into chylomicrons in the lumen of the small intestine before absorption by the intestinal epithelium.
A)True
B)False
43
Production of P450 enzymes in the liver is stimulated by the steroid and xenobiotic receptor found within the cytoplasm of liver cells.
A)True
B)False
44
The low-density lipoproteins originate in the liver and provide the body cells with endogenously produced triglycerides.
A)True
B)False
45
Enterotoxins from some strains of Eschericia coli that produce traveler's diarrhea interact with the receptors for guanylin.
A)True
B)False





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