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Basal metabolic rate can be measured directly by the amount of produced and indirectly by the amount of consumed per minute. |
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Weight loss can be achieved by , which decreases the amount of energy consumed alone or in combination with , which raises the metabolic rate. |
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That part of metabolism characterized by the synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein, glycogen, triglycerides, and other polymers is called . |
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Their are essential amino acids and essential fatty acids that are necessary for normal metabolism and that must be obtained from the diet. |
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The n-3 fatty acids acid and acid are found in cold-water fish and may inhibit platelet function and provide a protective role against ischemic heart disease. |
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A deficiency of vitamin would lead to delayed blood clotting because of a lack of prothrombin. |
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The derivatives of water-soluble vitamins serve as in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. |
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Synthesis of NAD requires the vitamin and synthesis of FAD requires the vitamin . |
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9 | |
The area of the brain that appears to partially control eating behavior is the . |
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10 | |
Increasing the amount of in the blood would increase the release of melanocortin peptides form the arcuate nucleus. |
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The hormone from the pancreas that raises the plasma glucose concentrations, such as during periods of fasting, or starving is . |
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12 | |
The glucose transport proteins that allows glucose to enter the βcells of the pancreas is . |
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13 | |
The two organs that can store energy reserves in the form of glycogen are the and (2 words). |
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During fasting glucagon stimulates , (the breakdown or hydrolysis of glycogen) in the liver to release free glucose molecules. |
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Adipose cells have an enzyme called hormone-sensitive lipase, that is stimulated by to glucagon to hydrolyzie stored triglyceride molecules into and (3 words). |
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Diabetes mellitus results from the inadequate secretion or action of the . |
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Because diagnosis occurred in people under the age of 20, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or type diabetes, was once known as juvenile-onset diabetes. |
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Ketoacidosis and dehydration are conditions most readily associated with type diabetes. |
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Type diabetes is more common, is slow to develop, and is associated with obesity. |
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20 | |
The exaggerated response of the beta cells to a rise in blood glucose after a carbohydrate meal that produces a marked decreases in blood glucose concentrations that is most commonly seen in adults who are genetically predisposed to type II diabetes, is called (2 words). |
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21 | |
The (2 words) secretes the catecholamine hormones, epinephrine and lesser amounts of norepinephrine, in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. |
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22 | |
The metabolic effects of epinephrine are similar to those of the pancreatic hormone . |
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23 | |
Perhaps the most important action of thyroxine is to regulate the rate of cellular . |
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24 | |
Growth hormone (GH) appears unique among anterior pituitary hormones in that its secretion is controlled by both a releasing hormone (growth hormone releasing hormone) and an inhibiting hormone ( ), both secreted from the hypothalamus. |
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25 | |
An excessive secretion of growth hormone can produce in children, who may grow up to 8 feet tall with normal body proportions. |
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26 | |
Specialized bone cells known as secrete an organic matrix composed largely of collage, which becomes hardened by deposits of calcium and phosphate (hydroxyapatite). |
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The process in which hardened bone (hydroxyapatite) is dissolved by the actions of and the constituent calcium and phosphate molecules are released into the blood is called . |
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28 | |
The parathyroid glands are stimulated to secrete increased amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) when the plasma concentration of Ca2+ begins to . |
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29 | |
Since osteoporosis is ten times more common in women after menopause than in men at comparable ages, the suggestion is that the fall in the secretion of the hormone at menopause may contribute to this condition. |
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30 | |
The overall effect of the hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is to the plasma concentrations of both calcium and phosphate by a number of important mechanisms. |
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31 | |
The hormone from the thyroid gland that lowers the calcium levels in the plasma by opposing the actions of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is . |
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32 | |
Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by working primarily on target cells located in and in the . |
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33 | |
has been shown to induce bone loss from the weight-bearing bones and spine that cannot be completely prevented by exercise. |
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