This final chapter—Chapter 20—provides a brief summary of theory and research covered in previous chapters, and with a discussion of possible future directions for the field of personality psychology. The authors begin by reviewing the current status of the field, noting that personality psychology is much more domain-based in theory and research than in decades past. Early personality theorists such as Freud presented grand theories of human nature, whereas modern personality psychologists are much more likely to focus their efforts within a particular domain of knowledge. The authors then review theory and research in each of the six domains. In addition, the authors offer several predictions regarding likely future directions for theory and research in each of these domains. The authors close by noting that personality psychology in the future will benefit by the integration of theory and research across the six domains of knowledge.