Chapter Four will provide the student with an overall view of psychological egoism, ethical egoism, and altruism. The student will have a firm foundation upon which to build a deeper understanding of these theories as he/she reads from an array of different entries. The student will be able to envision the impact of these theories from the time of Plato, to a segment of "Friends" and finally the application of these theories in The Lord of the Rings.

Chapter Four also reflects on these theories as they can be applied to the attacks of September 11^th. The student will understand the different interpretations of those fateful acts from the view of the egoist, the altruist, from the view of the terrorists, the family of the victims. This is an excellent opportunity for the student to "think out of the box".