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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
Which of the following is NOT a critical aspect of developmental theory?
A)It must describe psychological change over time.
B)It must help organize and integrate existing information.
C)It must focus only on children or on childhood.
D)It must generate testable hypotheses.
2
Which of the following reflects current thinking among developmental psychologists?
A)Development is mostly influenced by the environment.
B)Children are active agents who help shape the course of their own development.
C)Development is best thought of as a discontinuous process.
D)Cultural influences on development have recently been found to be less important than previously thought.
3
Dr. Miller sees a school-age boy biting his fingernails and says, "That boy is fixated in the oral stage of development." Dr. Miller is likely to be a proponent of the
A)cognitive social learning perspective.
B)cognitive developmental perspective.
C)behaviorist perspective.
D)psychodynamic perspective.
4
Complexity, wholeness, and organization are principles important to which perspective?
A)dynamic systems
B)learning
C)contextual
D)structural-organism
5
Understanding a child's mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are essential according to
A)Bronfenbrenner's ecological system.
B)Piaget's organism theory.
C)the life span perspective.
D)Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.
6
Dr. Thomas is examining the exact steps a child takes in solving a math problem. She describes those steps in terms of an input and an output. Dr. Thomas is working from a(n)
A)cognitive social learning perspective.
B)information-processing perspective.
C)Piagetian perspective.
D)psychodynamic perspective.
7
The importance of early relationships, the observation of children in their natural surroundings, and the adaptive value of behavior are ideas central to
A)ethological theory.
B)the behavioral perspective.
C)psychodynamic theory.
D)Piaget's approach.
8
In developmental research, obtaining a representative sample is crucial in order to
A)interpret the results of a study.
B)generalize the results of the study.
C)determine whether the independent variable had an effect.
D)determine whether the dependent variable had an effect.
9
Which of the following is NOT a good strategy for obtaining accurate parent reports of children's behavior?
A)Interview parents about their children's behavior in general.
B)Ask parents to keep a structured diary of their children's behavior.
C)Train parents to record specific behaviors.
D)Signal parents via pagers to record the activities of their children at various times.
10
Each of the following is a method used for direct observation except
A)structured observation.
B)time sampling.
C)event sampling.
D)procedural sampling.
11
In evaluating research results, it is important to remember that a correlation
A)indicates no relationship between variables.
B)cannot reveal the degree of relationship between variables.
C)does not indicate a causal relationship between variables.
D)cannot indicate the direction of the relationship between variables.
12
Which of the following data-gathering methods is the primary technique to help determine causal relationships?
A)direct observation
B)correlational studies
C)laboratory experiments
D)case studies
13
A research design that involves using children of different ages at the same point in time is called
A)naturalistic design.
B)cross-sequential design.
C)cross-sectional design.
D)longitudinal design.
14
Researchers studying child development today are relying primarily on
A)case study methods.
B)longitudinal methods.
C)naturalistic research.
D)multiple methodological approaches.
15
Which of the following is an advantage of the longitudinal research method over the cross-sectional research method?
A)The longitudinal method is less affected by losing participants over time.
B)The longitudinal method is less costly.
C)The longitudinal method is less subject to practice effects.
D)The longitudinal method allows for evaluation of the impact of earlier events on later behavior.





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