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| 12.1 Genetics in Species and Populations 12.2 The Biological Species Concept
Subspecies, Breeds, Varieties, Strains, and Races 12.3 How Genetic Diversity Comes About
Sexual Reproduction Migration The Importance of Population Size 12.4 Why Genetically Distinct Populations Exist
The Founder Effect Genetic Bottleneck Barriers to Movement 12.5 Genetic Diversity in Domesticated Plants and Animals
Selective Breeding Genetic Engineering The Impact of Monoculture 12.6 Is It a Species or Not? The Evidence 12.7 Human Population Genetics 12.8 Ethics and Human Population Genetics OUTLOOKS 12.1: Your Skin Color, Gene Frequency Changes, and Natural Selection OUTLOOKS 12.2: Biology, Race, and Racism HOW SCIENCE WORKS 12.1: The Legal Implications of Defining a Species HOW SCIENCE WORKS 12.2: Bad Science: A Brief History of the Eugenics Movement |