Understand that instinctive and learned behaviors have evolutionary and ecological significance.

• Explain how instinctive and learned behaviors differ.
• Describe the characteristics of animals in which instinctive behaviors predominate.
• Describe the characteristics of animals in which learned behaviors have a dominant role.
• Give examples of instinctive behaviors and state how you know they are instinctive.
• Give examples of behaviors that have both instinctive and learned components.

Recognize that there are different kinds of learning.

• Explain the nature and significance of habituation.
• Describe the different kinds of association learning.
• State the nature and significance of imprinting, exploratory learning, and insight.
• Provide examples of human behaviors that illustrate habituation, association, imprinting, and insight.

Recognize the relationship between behavior patterns and the ecological niche of an organism.

• Describe how territoriality and dominance hierarchies allocate resources.
• Explain the adaptive value of specific behaviors such as communication, food storage, navigation, a time sense, care of the young, and hibernation in particular ecological settings.
• Discuss why the behavioral evolution of social animals is different from that of nonsocial animals.