| backward vertical integration | Arrangement in which facilities are established to manufacture inputs used in the production of a firm's final products
|
 |
|
|
| bottleneck | Operation in a manufacturing system whose output sets the limit for the entire system's output
|
|
|
|
| intermediate technology | Production methods between capital- and labor-intensive methods
|
|
|
|
| just-in-time (JIT) | A balanced system in which there is little or no delay time and idle in-process and finished goods inventory
|
|
|
|
| manufacturing rationalization | Division of production among a number of production units, thus enabling each to produce only a limited number of components for all of a firm's assembly plants
|
|
|
|
| mass customization | The use of flexible, usually computer-aided, manufacturing systems to produce and deliver customized products and services for different customers worldwide
|
|
|
|
| offshoring | Relocating some or all of a business's activities or processes to a foreign location
|
|
|
|
| outsourcing | Hiring others to perform some of the noncore activities and decision making in a company's value chain, rather than having the company and its employees continue to perform those activities
|
|
|
|
| preventive (planned) maintenance | Maintenance done according to plan, not when machines break down
|
|
|
|
| quality circle (quality control circle) | Small work group that meets periodically to discuss ways to improve its functional areas and the quality of the product
|
|
|
|
| Six Sigma | Business management process for reducing defects and eliminating variation
|
|
|
|
| standards | Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria that will be used consistently as guidelines, rules, or definitions of the characteristics of a product, process, or service
|
|
|
|
| supply chain management | The process of coordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information, finances, and services within and among companies in the value chain from suppliers to the ultimate consumer
|
|
|
|
| synchronous manufacturing | An entire manufacturing system with unbalanced operations that emphasizes total system performance
|
|
|
|
| Taylor's scientific management system | System based on scientific measurements that prescribes a division of work whereby planning is done by managers and plan execution is left to supervisors and workers
|
|
|
|
| total quality management (TQM) | System in which the entire organization is managed so that it excels on all dimensions of product and services that are important to the customer
|