Chapter Outline

WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Neoanalytic and Object Relations Approaches
Evaluating the Psychodynamic Approach
RESEARCH CLOSE-UP Attachment Style and Abusive Romantic Relationships

THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL-HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory
Carl Rogers’s Theory of the Self
WHAT DO YOU THINK? Is Self-Actualization a Useful Scientific Construct?
Research on the Self
Evaluating the Phenomenological-Humanistic Approach

MAPPING THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
Types and Traits of Personality
Trait Factor Analytic Approaches
BENEATH THE SURFACE How Consistent Is Our Behaviour across Situations?
Evaluating the Trait Approach

BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONALITY
Genetics and Personality
Personality and the Nervous System
Evaluating the Biological Approach

BEHAVIOURAL AND SOCIAL-COGNITIVE THEORIES
Julian Rotter: Expectancy, Reinforcement Value and Locus of Control
Albert Bandura: Social Learning and Self-Efficacy
APPLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Increasing Self-Efficacy through Systematic Goal Setting
Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda: The Cognitive-Affective Personality System
Reconciling Personality Coherence with Behavioural Inconsistency
Evaluating Social-Cognitive Theories

CULTURE, GENDER AND PERSONALITY
Culture Differences
Gender Schemas

PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
Interviews
Behavioural Assessment
Remote Behaviour Sampling
Personality Scales
Projective Tests