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| 1 | |
According to Freud, the _______________ operates according to the reality principle. |
| | A) | pre-conscious |
| | B) | superego |
| | C) | id |
| | D) | ego |
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| 2 | |
Freud suggested that people use _________________ to protect themselves from anxiety. |
| | A) | the superego |
| | B) | the id |
| | C) | defence mechanisms |
| | D) | psychic energy |
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| 3 | |
According to Freud, the __________ stage contributes to the development of gender identity. |
| | A) | latency |
| | B) | phallic |
| | C) | anal |
| | D) | oral |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is a potential weakness of Freud's theory? |
| | A) | It places too much emphasis on infant sexuality. |
| | B) | It fails to include a moral arm of personality. |
| | C) | Freud used experimental analysis to develop his theories rather than relying on case studies. |
| | D) | In developing his theory, Freud took only adult development into consideration. |
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| 5 | |
The notion of a collective unconscious is most associated with the writings of |
| | A) | Erik Erikson. |
| | B) | Carl Jung. |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | D) | Alfred Adler. |
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| 6 | |
Stacey's parents demonstrate love towards her when she behaves in a way they approve of but not when she behaves in a way that they disapprove of. Her parents' behaviour can best be described as |
| | A) | unconditional positive regard. |
| | B) | conditional positive regard. |
| | C) | likely to lead Stacey to achieving self-actualisation. |
| | D) | leading to a healthy development of her self-concept. |
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| 7 | |
Manvinder feels free to be himself. He is unconcerned with the expectations others have for him and does not have a rigid self-concept. Rogers would likely conclude that Manvinder |
| | A) | is a fully functioning person. |
| | B) | should be more concerned with the expectations of others. |
| | C) | will have a difficult time behaving spontaneously and creatively. |
| | D) | is maladjusted. |
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| 8 | |
The factor analytic approach to personality can best be described as |
| | A) | an approach that has very little research support. |
| | B) | a method for uncovering unconscious causes of behaviour in a particular cluster. |
| | C) | emphasising the importance of unconditional positive regard within a cluster. |
| | D) | a method for identifying clusters of behaviours that are highly correlated with one another, but not with behaviours in other clusters. |
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| 9 | |
The Five Factor Model identifies five traits that may be universal to the human species. These traits are |
| | A) | openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. |
| | B) | openness, conscientiousness, excitability, aggressiveness and neuroticism. |
| | C) | openness, conscientiousness, enticeability, agreeableness and neuroticism. |
| | D) | aggressiveness, introversion, neuroticism, consideration and openness. |
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| 10 | |
The notion that people have a tendency to gain and maintain a positive self image is known as |
| | A) | self-esteem. |
| | B) | self-efficacy. |
| | C) | self-enhancement. |
| | D) | self-verification. |
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| 11 | |
Eysenck proposed that individuals who are extreme extraverts |
| | A) | are relatively stable given a quiet environment. |
| | B) | have brains that are chronically over-aroused. |
| | C) | are relatively unstable people. |
| | D) | have brains that are chronically under-aroused. |
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| 12 | |
An individual's temperament is |
| | A) | assumed to have a biological basis. |
| | B) | assumed to have a strong environmental basis. |
| | C) | proven to determine success later in life. |
| | D) | apparent only after the age of 5. |
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| 13 | |
Dr. Williams believes that personality is primarily a function of the interaction among the person, the person's behaviour and the environment. This belief is aligned with the concept of |
| | A) | strategic pluralism. |
| | B) | self-reinforcement. |
| | C) | self-verification. |
| | D) | reciprocal determinism. |
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| 14 | |
Lucy believes that she has control over her own life. She feels that her successes and failures are due to her own efforts. She can best be described as having |
| | A) | an external locus of control. |
| | B) | an internal locus of control. |
| | C) | an unhealthy self-concept. |
| | D) | a low level of self-efficacy. |
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| 15 | |
Jill believes she has the necessary ability to accomplish her goals. She can best be described as |
| | A) | high in self-efficacy. |
| | B) | having a high external locus of control. |
| | C) | high in self-monitoring. |
| | D) | being driven by her superego. |
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