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Psychology is the scientific study of and . |
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Psychologists try to , , and human behavior. |
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psychology is the branch that studies the process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world. |
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psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death. |
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psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease. |
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psychology deals with study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. |
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psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others. |
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seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits and how the environment influences whether we actually display such traits. |
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The is a research degree that requires a dissertation based on original investigation, while the is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders. |
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are physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders. |
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Seven thousand years ago, people assumed that psychological problems were caused by . |
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Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in . |
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Wundt's perspective, which became known as , focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotion, and other kinds of mental states and activities. |
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was a procedure in which people were presented with a stimulus and asked to describe, in as much detail as they could, what they were experiencing. |
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was an early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments. |
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was the first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology and did important work on animal behavior. |
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studied memory in the early part of the twentieth century and became the first female president of the American Psychological Association. |
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Today, the field of psychology includes major perspectives. |
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The origins of the psychodynamic view are linked to one person: . |
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Much of our understanding of how people learn new behaviors is based on the perspective. |
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More than any other approach, the perspective approach stresses the role of psychology in enriching people's lives and helping them to achieve self-fulfillment. |
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Asian students are taught that hard work and increased effort lead to academic success. As a result, they might be more willing to work hard to achieve success. In contrast, North American students, who tend to believe that their ability is fixed at birth and that this largely determines their success, may not exert as much effort in school. The information on differences between North American and Asian students suggests that the perspective probably will be the most useful in trying to explain the differences in people's beliefs. |
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is the notion that behavior is largely produced by factors beyond people's willful control. |
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How much of our behavior is a consequence of our unique and special qualities, and how much reflects the culture and society in which we live reflects the focus of the perspective. |
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The is the approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest. |
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The first step using the scientific method is to identify a . |
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Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest that provide a framework for understanding the relationships among a set of otherwise unorganized facts or principles are called . |
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A(n) is the translation of a hypothesis into a specific, testable procedure that can be measured and observed. |
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and the theories behind them help psychologists pose appropriate questions. |
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is a systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge. |
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is designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or pattern of behavior. |
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Existing data, such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis in research. |
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The most straightforward way of finding out what people think, feel, and do is to use the method. |
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are behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change in some way. |
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Although two variables are strongly associated with one another, this does not mean that one variable the other variable. |
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A group that receives a treatment is called a(n) , whereas a group that receives no treatment is called a(n) . |
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The variable is the condition that is manipulated by an experimenter, and the variable is the variable that is measured. |
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The procedure where participants are assigned to different experimental groups on the basis of chance and chance alone is called . |
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Research participants have a right to regarding their behavior, according to the ethical standards of the APA. |
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In order to ensure that participation in a research study is voluntary, participants must be told about the nature of the procedures before their participation in the experiment. This is known as . |
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A common form of experimental bias is , in which an experimenter unintentionally transmits cues to participants about the way they are expected to behave in a given experimental condition. |
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To guard against participant expectations, the experimenter may try to disguise the of the experiment. |
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Dr. Ibram is interested in testing the ability of a new drug to heighten sexual arousal in males. She is concerned that the effects of merely taking or not taking a "drug" may influence the results of her study, so she wants to give her control group some kind of a "drug." Instead of giving the control group the experimental drug, which only the treatment group receives, she could give her control group a(n) . |
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