 |
1 | |
is the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person. |
|
|
2 | |
The approaches to personality are founded on the idea that personality is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness or control. |
|
|
3 | |
Some of the unconscious is made up of the , which contains material that is not threatening and which is easily brought to mind, such as the memory of where you sit in class. |
|
|
4 | |
Josh saw a beautiful girl walk by. Immediately the thought popped into his mind, "Jump her bones." However, he listened to his , which balances his desires and reality, and decided to talk to her instead. |
|
|
5 | |
The ego strives to balance the demands of the pleasure principle with the , which restrains instinctual energy in order to maintain the safety of the individual and help integrate the person into society. |
|
|
6 | |
are conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur. |
|
|
7 | |
During the stage, the young male unconsciously begins to develop sexual interest in his mother, sees his father as a rival, and harbors a wish to kill his father. This is known as the . |
|
|
8 | |
According to Freud, unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others are called . |
|
|
9 | |
According to Jung, are universal symbolic representations of a particular person, object, or experience (such as good and evil). |
|
|
10 | |
Adler used the term to describe situations in which adults have not been able to overcome the feelings of inferiority they developed as children. |
|
|
11 | |
All theories explain personality in terms of consistent personality characteristics and behaviors, but they differ in terms of which and how many characteristics are seen as fundamental. |
|
|
12 | |
Eysenck found that personality could best be described in terms of just three major dimensions: , , and . |
|
|
13 | |
According to B. F. Skinner, similarities in responses across different situations are caused by similar patterns of that have been received in such situations in the past. |
|
|
14 | |
approaches to personality emphasize the influence of cognition—feelings, expectations, and values—as well as observation of other's behavior, on personality. |
|
|
15 | |
is the component of personality that encompasses our positive and negative self-evaluations, whereas is the belief in one's personal capabilities. |
|
|
16 | |
The approaches to personality suggest that important components of personality are inherited. |
|
|
17 | |
Instead of seeing people as controlled by unconscious forces, a set of stable traits, reinforcements, or inherited factors, approaches emphasize people's basic tendency to grow to higher levels of functioning. |
|
|
18 | |
Rogers maintains that all people have a fundamental need for , a state of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential, each in a unique way. |
|
|
19 | |
refers to an attitude of acceptance and respect on the part of an observer, no matter what a person says or does. |
|
|
20 | |
refers to the measurement consistency of a test, whereas means a test actually measures what it is designed to measure. |
|
|
21 | |
A method of gathering data about people by asking them questions about a sample of their behavior is called a(n) . |
|
|
22 | |
is a technique used to validate questions in personality tests by studying the responses of people with known diagnoses. |
|
|
23 | |
is one of the most frequently used personality tests and is one of the best examples of a self-report measure. |
|
|
24 | |
A(n) test is a test in which a person is shown an ambiguous stimulus and asked to describe it or tell a story about it. |
|
|
25 | |
Direct measures of an individual's behavior used to describe personality characteristics is called a(n) . |
|
.