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focuses on the study of higher mental processes, including thinking, language, memory, problem solving, knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision making. |
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Phil loves music. In fact, he "hears" tunes in his head. This ability to "hear" a tune in his head relies on a(n) . |
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A is a typical, highly representative example of a concept that corresponds to our mental image or best example of the concept. |
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A(n) is a cognitive shortcut that may lead to a solution. |
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Kim went to her travel agent and told her to book her a trip to some place warm. Because she did not tell her agent how much she wanted to spend, who was going with her, when she wanted to go, what type of resort, and so on, Kim presented her agent with a(n) . |
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Lauren decides she wants to change one of her bedrooms into a playroom for her children. This is an example of a(n) problem. |
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Probably the most frequently applied heuristic in problem solving is a(n) , which involves repeated tests for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists. |
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A heuristic commonly used to generate solutions is to divide a problem into . |
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When asked what a pair of pliers was, Will could only think of them as a grasping tool. He was unable to think of them as a door stop, a tooth extractor, or a murder weapon, although they could be used for any of those things. Will is demonstrating . |
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occurs when a problem solver favors initial hypotheses and ignores contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions. |
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is the ability to produce responses based primarily on knowledge and logic. |
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The smallest basic units of speech are called . |
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Three-year-old Lindsey told her mommy that she saw her brother break the window. She said, "I sawed him do it. He runned right up to the window and throwed the rock." Lindsey's speech demonstrated . |
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The approach suggests that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help teach language. |
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According to Chomsky's analysis, all the world's languages share a common underlying structure called a(n) . |
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The gives us strategies and techniques for learning the unique characteristics of our native language. |
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is the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges. |
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The differences between fluid and crystallized intelligences become particularly evident in the elderly, who show declines in , but not , intelligence. |
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Gardner suggests that there may be even more than the eight types of intelligence, such as intelligence, which involves identifying and thinking about the fundamental questions of human existence. |
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Psychologists who take a(n) approach believe that the way people store material in memory and use the material to solve intellectual tasks provides the most accurate measure of intelligence. |
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is the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions. |
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intelligence relates to academic performance; intelligence relates to success in life; and intelligence relates to emotional skills. |
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A(n) test is designed to determine a person's level of knowledge in a specific subject area. |
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A test has when it measures what it is supposed to measure. |
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is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. |
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The most common biological cause of mental retardation is . |
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The majority of cases of mental retardation are classified as , in which no apparent biological defect exists, but there is a history of retardation within the family. |
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The philosophy behind suggests that the interaction of students with and without mental retardation in regular classrooms will improve educational opportunities for those with retardation, increase their social acceptance, and facilitate their integration into society as a whole. |
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In an attempt to produce a(n) IQ test, one that does not discriminate against members of any minority group, psychologists have tried to devise test items that assess experiences common to all cultures or that emphasize questions not requiring language usage. |
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Intelligence in general shows a high degree of , which is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic can be attributed to genetic, inherited factors. |
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