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is the study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life. |
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is the unfolding of biologically predetermined patterns of behavior. |
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Developmental psychologists agree that, in most instances, factors play a critical role in enabling people to reach the potential capabilities that their genetic background makes possible. |
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Developmental researchers use several unique methods. The most frequently used, , compares people of different ages at the same point in time, whereas traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants age. The third method combines both of the aforementioned approaches by taking a number of different age groups and examining them at several points in time. |
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A(n) is a group of people who grow up at similar times, in similar places, and in similar conditions. |
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are rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information. |
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Chromosomes contain thousands of , which are smaller units through which genetic information is transmitted. |
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Genes are composed of . |
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When an egg becomes fertilized by the sperm, the resulting one-celled entity is called a(n) . |
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The is the point at which the fetus can survive if born prematurely, at about prenatal age 22 weeks. |
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Before birth, a fetus passes through several , which is the time when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli. |
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Some of the more profound consequences in fetal development are brought about by , environmental agents such as a drug, chemical, virus, or other factor that produce a birth defect. |
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is a condition resulting in below-average intelligence, growth delays, and facial deformities, and is the primary preventable cause of mental retardation. |
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A neonate is born with a number of , which are unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli. |
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is the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus. |
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, the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual, is the most important form of social development that occurs during infancy. |
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is behavior that takes place during a critical period and involves attachment to the first moving object that is observed. |
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parents show little interest in their children, are emotionally detached, and they view parenting as nothing more than providing clothing, food, and shelter for children. |
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A child is born with a specific , which is a basic, innate disposition. |
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involves changes in our interactions and understanding of one another as well as our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society. |
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The is the knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects. |
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The is the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, comprehend or perform a task on his or her own. |
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The age at which puberty begins has implications for the way adolescents feel about themselves—as well as how others treat them. boys have a distinct advantage over boys. |
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The difference between the Kohlberg and Gilligan approach to more development is significant, with Kohlberg's theory focusing on and Gilligan's resting on . |
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One difficulty with Kohlberg's theory is that it pertains to moral , not moral . |
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Females may experience , the onset of menstruation as early as age 8 or 9, or as late as age 16. |
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According to Erikson, the stage of development that adolescents go through is . |
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Adolescent males are five times more likely to suicide, but adolescent females suicide more often. |
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More teenagers and young adults die from than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke, pneumonia and influenza, and chronic lung disease combined. |
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In their early forties, people may begin to question their lives as they enter a period called . Facing signs of physical aging and feeling dissatisfaction with their lives, some individuals experience what has been popularly labeled . |
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Even though the divorce rates have been declining since 1981, about of all first marriages end in divorce. |
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theories of aging suggest that human cells have a built-in time limit to their reproduction. |
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is a progressive brain disorder that leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in cognitive abilities. |
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Alzheimer's disease occurs when production of the goes awry, producing large clumps of cells that trigger inflammation and deterioration of nerve cells. |
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The of aging holds that the people who age most successfully are those who maintain the interests, activities, and level of social interaction they experienced during middle age. |
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