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| 1 | |
The study of the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout the lifespan is: |
| | A) | geriatric psychology. |
| | B) | neo-gerontology. |
| | C) | developmental psychology. |
| | D) | longitudinal psychology. |
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| 2 | |
The nature–nurture issue is a key question that is pervasive throughout the field of psychology. Today, developmental psychologists concur on which of the following points? |
| | A) | Genetic factors place limitations on the emergence of specific behaviors or traits. |
| | B) | Environmental factors play a critical role in enabling people to reach the potential capabilities that their genetic background makes possible. |
| | C) | A combination of hereditary and environmental factors influences development. |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 3 | |
If Albert Einstein hadn't received any intellectual stimulation as a child and had not been sent to school, it is unlikely that he would have reached his: |
| | A) | genetic potential. |
| | B) | environmental limits. |
| | C) | peak earning potential. |
| | D) | None of these |
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| 4 | |
To make up for the limitations in both cross-sectional and longitudinal research, investigators have devised an alternative strategy. Known as _____________, it combines cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches by taking a number of different age groups and examining them at several points in time. |
| | A) | sequential research |
| | B) | developmental step research |
| | C) | cross-sequential layered research |
| | D) | None of these |
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| 5 | |
The nature–nurture issue looks at: |
| | A) | maturation and genetics. |
| | B) | heredity and environment. |
| | C) | experience and environment. |
| | D) | experience and learning. |
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| 6 | |
Humans have some _______________ different genes. |
| | A) | 2,500 |
| | B) | 25,000 |
| | C) | 1,000 |
| | D) | 10,000 |
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| 7 | |
From week eight and continuing until birth, the developing individual enters the __________ period. |
| | A) | germinal |
| | B) | embryonic |
| | C) | fetal |
| | D) | prenatal |
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| 8 | |
Critical periods, which can occur before birth, are important because they: |
| | A) | indicate a period in which children are particularly receptive to developing language. |
| | B) | are the time when the organism is particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli. |
| | C) | indicate the time that the organism is particularly susceptible to damage that may affect it for the rest of its life. |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following birth defects results in a condition that is treatable? |
| | A) | phenylketonuria |
| | B) | sickle-cell anemia |
| | C) | Tay-Sachs disease |
| | D) | Down syndrome |
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| 10 | |
The newborn at birth: |
| | A) | may be covered with vernix. |
| | B) | may be covered with lanugo. |
| | C) | may have fluid accumulation in the eyelids. |
| | D) | All of the above |
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| 11 | |
When the newborn turns its heads toward things that touch its cheeks, such as the mother's nipple or a bottle, this is called the _____________ reflex. |
| | A) | rooting |
| | B) | sucking |
| | C) | startle |
| | D) | gag |
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| 12 | |
Building on pioneering work with nonhumans such as Lorenz's and Harlow's, developmental psychologists have suggested that human ___________ grows through the responsiveness of infants' caregivers to the signals the babies provide, such as crying, smiling, reaching, and clinging. |
| | A) | attachment |
| | B) | aggression |
| | C) | curiosity |
| | D) | fear |
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| 13 | |
Tina, a 1-year-old infant, employs her mother as a kind of home base, exploring independently but returning to her occasionally. When her mother leaves, she exhibits distress, and she goes to her mother when she returns. Tina is: |
| | A) | securely attached. |
| | B) | avoidant. |
| | C) | ambivalent. |
| | D) | disorganized-disoriented. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following is not one of Diana Baumrind's four main categories describing different parenting styles? |
| | A) | authoritarian |
| | B) | authoritative |
| | C) | autocratic |
| | D) | uninvolved |
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| 15 | |
Erikson suggests that passage through each of the psychosexual stages necessitates resolution of a crisis or conflict. Although each crisis is never resolved entirely—life becomes increasingly complicated as we grow older—it needs to be resolved sufficiently to equip us to deal with demands made during the following stage of development. The fourth stage, the industry-versus-inferiority stage (ages 6 to 12), is characterized by: |
| | A) | developing feelings of trust if children's physical requirements and psychological needs for attachment are consistently met. |
| | B) | the development of autonomy. |
| | C) | increasing competency in all areas (e.g., social interactions or academic skills). |
| | D) | children's desire to act independently, which conflicts with the guilt that comes from the unintended and unexpected consequences of such behavior. |
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| 16 | |
Tamara was playing "roll the ball" with her father, who rolled the ball past Tamara and it went into the next room. Immediately Tamara went searching for it. This indicates that she understands: |
| | A) | the law of conservation. |
| | B) | object permanence. |
| | C) | egocentric thought. |
| | D) | the law of irreversibility. |
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| 17 | |
The physical changes that occur at the start of adolescence are triggered by ________________, and it affects virtually every aspect of the adolescent's life. |
| | A) | nutrition |
| | B) | activity and exercise |
| | C) | the secretion of various hormones |
| | D) | sexual attraction |
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| 18 | |
Late physical maturation may produce certain psychological difficulties for both boys and girls. Which is not one of these? |
| | A) | feeling less attractive |
| | B) | being given more responsibility than their maturity level can handle |
| | C) | relatively low social status |
| | D) | being overlooked in dating |
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| 19 | |
Kohlberg's theory has had substantial influence on our understanding of moral development but the research support is mixed. One difficulty with the theory is that: |
| | A) | he primarily used male participants. |
| | B) | it pertains to moral judgments not moral behavior. |
| | C) | it applies primarily to Western society and its moral code. |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 20 | |
Jim is unable to contribute to his family, community, work, and society, and unwilling to assist in the development of the younger generation. Erickson would say that Jim is experiencing: |
| | A) | role confusion. |
| | B) | isolation. |
| | C) | stagnation. |
| | D) | despair. |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that put adolescents at risk of suicide? |
| | A) | depression |
| | B) | being a perfectionist |
| | C) | being prone to extreme anxiety when facing any social or academic challenges |
| | D) | All of the above are risk factors. |
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| 22 | |
Adult development is characterized by _____________ in comparison with childhood. |
| | A) | more gradual physical changes |
| | B) | more diverse social changes |
| | C) | difficulty categorizing developmental stages |
| | D) | All of these |
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| 23 | |
The major biological change that does occur during middle adulthood pertains to: |
| | A) | weight gain. |
| | B) | sensory abilities. |
| | C) | reproductive capabilities. |
| | D) | life-threatening illnesses. |
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| 24 | |
Jessica has finally reached adulthood and she is ready to leave her childhood home. Her entry into early adulthood will probably be marked by: |
| | A) | getting married. |
| | B) | entering the world of work. |
| | C) | going away to school. |
| | D) | traveling. |
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| 25 | |
People become more accepting of others and of their own lives, and are less concerned about issues or problems that once bothered them during: |
| | A) | early adulthood. |
| | B) | middle adulthood. |
| | C) | old age. |
| | D) | None of these |
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| 26 | |
How has the institution of marriage in the United States changed considerably over the last two decades from earlier historical periods? |
| | A) | The percentage of people are marrying at an earlier age has increased. |
| | B) | The percentage of households made up of unmarried couples has increased dramatically. |
| | C) | The percentage of divorces has decreased. |
| | D) | The percentage of people having more children has increased. |
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| 27 | |
Barbara retired from her job of 35 years and now continues to travel, go to plays and the symphony, plays golf several times a week, and has a very busy social life. Her successful aging experience can best be explained by the: |
| | A) | genetic preprogramming theory of aging. |
| | B) | wear-and-tear theory of aging. |
| | C) | disengagement theory of aging. |
| | D) | activity theory of aging. |
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| 28 | |
Stan has a terminal illness. Presently, he has decided to become the most generous and giving person he can become if he can live to see his son married. Stan is in which stage of dying? |
| | A) | anger |
| | B) | denial |
| | C) | bargaining |
| | D) | depression |
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