Environmental Science, 10th Edition (Cunningham)

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Overview: Aral Sea, Lake Chad, p. 383

1			What countries border the Aral Sea? (If country boundaries are not visible, turn on the "borders" layer in the Layers list.)
			A)	Kazakhstan and Tajikstan
			B)	Turkmenistan and Tajikstan
			C)	Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
			D)	Uzbekistan and Russia
			E)	Tajikstan and Uzbekistan
2			Yellow boundary lines show that the large island in the Aral Sea was once much smaller than it is today. It once held the city of Kantubek, now abandoned, which was a test site for biological weapons and a repository for nuclear and chemical waste materials. There is worry about these materials becoming accessible and distributed as the island approaches the mainland. The island has grown as the shallow water has receded. How far is the island now from the mainland, at its closest point?
			A)	The island is only about 2 km from the shore.
			B)	The island is only about 4 km from the shore.
			C)	The island is only about 6 km from the shore.
			D)	The island is only about 8 km from the shore.
			E)	The island is only about 10 km from the shore.
3			Zoom in near the place marker next to the Aral Sea. Why does the landscape have so many different colors here?
			A)	Various soil minerals provide the various colors in this landscape.
			B)	The different colors represent different grass and shrub species
			C)	Nuclear bomb tests in 1950 or so resulted in these landscape discolorations.
			D)	This area was downwind from Chernobyl and the flora and fauna of the region experienced mutagenic reactions, which are still apparent.
			E)	The drying lake left salts that color the landscape different shades of white, gray, brown, and other colors.

Go to the Lake Chad place marker.

4			You can see the former shape and size of Lake Chad because of the green shading that still marks moist, low-lying lands, as well as the dune fields that mark a former sandy shoreline. What is the maximum length of the former lake? What is the maximum length of the current lake (visible in blue)?
			A)	The lake used to be over 100 km long; now it is about 50 km long.
			B)	The lake used to be over 200 km long; now it is about 50 km long.
			C)	The lake used to be over 200 km long; now it is about 100 km long.
			D)	The lake used to be over 100 km long; now it is about 200 km long.
			E)	The lake used to be over 300 km long; now it is about 75 km long.
5			What countries border what remains of Lake Chad today (continuous blue area)?
			A)	Sudan and the Central African Republic
			B)	Nigeria and Niger
			C)	Chad and Cameroon
			D)	Libya and the Congo
			E)	Mali and Rwanda
6			What additional countries once bordered Lake Chad? (The former lake is represented by the green area.)
			A)	Sudan and the Central African Republic
			B)	Nigeria and Niger
			C)	Chad and Cameroon
			D)	Libya and the Congo
			E)	Mali and Rwanda