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| 1 | |
External respiration refers to gas exchanges that occur between atmospheric air and the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
Gas exchange between the lungs and the blood, and between the blood and tissue fluid, is an active transport process. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Some of the bronchioles participate in gas exchange between air and blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
Inserting a tube into the trachea to permit breathing is called a tracheotomoy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
Regardless of the temperature of the environmental air, inspired air has a temperature of 37°C by the time it reaches the alveoli. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
The alveoli have ciliated cells in them to help expel dust particles that make it this far down into the respiratory tract. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
There is no real space in the pleural cavity of a healthy individual. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Intrapulmonary pressure must be lower than atmospheric pressure for air to enter the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
Normal inspiration is possible only because the lungs are highly elastic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
It normally requires no muscular effort to exhale. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Pneumothorax may involve the collapse of only one lung. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
The surface tension exerted by water in the alveoli prevent collapse of the alveoli during exhalation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Even after exhaling as forcefully as possible, one still has air in the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
A newborn infant must generate 15-20 times as much transpulmonary pressure to inflate the lungs in the first breath as in subsequent breaths. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
During a relaxed inspiration the diaphragm is the only inspiratory muscle that is required. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Asthma greatly reduces the vital capacity of the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
A health person should be able to forcibly expel 80% or more of the vital capacity in one second. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Bronchoconstriction due to cigarette smoke or air pollution will lower the FEV1.0 but will not lower the vital capacity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Cessation of breathing is called apnea. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Epinephrine can be used to treat an asthmatic attack without the danger of also overstimulating the heart. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Strenuous exercise has no significant effect on the PO2 of the arterial blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
The resistance in the pulmonary circulation drops sharply at the time of birth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
In adults, pulmonary blood pressure is lower than systemic blood pressure. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Systemic arterioles generally dilate in response to low PO2, but pulmonary arterioles constrict. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
In a standing person, the alveoli located at the base of the lung are better ventilated (in liters per minute) than the alveoli found at the apex of the lung. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Hyperventilation substantially increases the PO2 of the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Hypercapnia is caused by hypoventilation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Acidosis affects respiration because hydrogen ions diffuse from the blood to the chemoreceptor neurons of the medulla oblongata, and these neurons are connected to neurons of the rhythmicity center. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 29 | |
The PO2 of the blood normally has no direct effect on respiration, but does affect the sensitivity of peripheral chemoreceptors to CO2. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
When deoxyhemoglobin binds to oxygen, it becomes oxidized hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
When the temperature of a tissue increases through usage, the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Fetal hemoglobin, or hemoglobin F does not bind oxygen as well as adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
Thalassemias result in the presence of large amounts of fetal hemoglobin in the blood of adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 34 | |
In passing through the alveolar capillaries, a red blood cell gives up chloride ions and carbon dioxide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 35 | |
Acidosis is a state in which the blood and tissue fluid have an acidic pH. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 36 | |
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis and acidosis have completely different causes, so a pH imbalance due to respiratory causes cannot be compensated (corrected) for by metabolic adjustments or vice versa. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 37 | |
Pulmonary ventilation increases during exercise due to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by the extra CO2 produced. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 38 | |
At the outset of exercise, pulmonary ventilation increases even more before there is a need for it. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 39 | |
Athletes conditioned for endurance are able to use more of the oxygen available in the blood than unconditioned people. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 40 | |
The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin decreased at higher altitudes which can result in fatigue when a person first moves to a higher altitude. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 41 | |
People conditioned to high altitudes have higher hemoglobin concentrations than people conditioned to low altitudes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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