How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 5/e

Jack R. Fraenkel, San Francisco State University
Norman E. Wallen, San Francisco State University

Variables and Hypotheses

Essay Quiz


1		Write a directional hypothesis for the following research question: "Is there a relationship between the time a parent spends playing with a child and the child's self-esteem?"



2		Rewrite this hypothesis to make it a more significant hypothesis: "Middle school students think that math teachers are more difficult than English teachers."



3		List the independent and dependent variables in the following scenario, and also identify one plausible extraneous variable: A social studies teacher noticed that students' scores on the unit test seemed to be higher if he gave quizzes as part of the unit instruction than if he did not give a quiz. To research this observation further, the teacher purposefully administered several quizzes while teaching one unit, but then did not administer any quizzes when he taught the subsequent unit. He then compared test score percentages for the two units.



4		Describe briefly the difference between a variable and a constant.



5		Describe briefly the difference between a directional and nondirectional hypothesis.

2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of The McGraw-Hill Companies.