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How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education Book Cover

How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 5/e

Jack R. Fraenkel, San Francisco State University
Norman E. Wallen, San Francisco State University

Variables and Hypotheses

Multiple Choice Quiz


1	The variable manipulated by the researcher in an experiment is called the
		A)	response variable.
		B)	independent variable.
		C)	dependent variable.
		D)	extraneous variable.


2	A researcher conducted an experiment to see if increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rosacea, a common skin condition. The dependent variable in this experiment was
		A)	rosacea.
		B)	increased water consumption.
		C)	the amount of water consumed.
		D)	the visible condition of the skin.


3	Which of the following would not be an appropriate synonym for the dependent variable?
		A)	outcome variable
		B)	response variable
		C)	effected variable
		D)	experimental variable


4	An example of a quantitative variable is the
		A)	month of birth.
		B)	highest educational degree earned.
		C)	time taken to complete a spatial reasoning task.
		D)	telephone area code.


5	If a researcher studies fourth-grade students to determine the effects of rewarding good behavior on subsequent behavior, which of the following is least likely to be an extraneous variable?
		A)	student grade level
		B)	student attitude
		C)	teacher characteristics
		D)	parent's parenting style


6	What type of research would be least likely to include a research hypothesis?
		A)	intervention research
		B)	associational research
		C)	descriptive research


7	Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory?
		A)	A theoretical prediction can be stated as a specific hypothesis.
		B)	When a hypothesis has been proven correct, it becomes a theory.
		C)	Weak theories are hypotheses and strong theories are scientific laws.
		D)	"Theory" is another name for hypothesis.


8	An example of a categorical variable is
		A)	teacher hair color.
		B)	time it takes a teacher to grade an essay.
		C)	the length a teacher has to walk from the office to her class.
		D)	the time is takes for a teacher to drive to work.


9	These variables are those that the researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effects on one or more other variables.
		A)	dependent
		B)	independent
		C)	extraneous


10	This variable depends upon what is done to it by the independent variable.
		A)	manipulated
		B)	extraneous
		C)	dependent


11	These variables are those that are created by the researcher. These are typically found in experimental studies.
		A)	extraneous
		B)	manipulated
		C)	dependent


12	A hypothesis can be described as
		A)	a hunch.
		B)	a wild guess.
		C)	a type of statement made by researchers when they are attempting to get funding for their research.
		D)	a prediction of some sort regarding the possible outcomes of a study.


13	Which of the following is an advantage of stating hypotheses?
		A)	It forces the researcher to think more deeply and specifically about the possible outcomes of a study.
		B)	It may lead to a bias.
		C)	It may be unnecessary or inappropriate.
		D)	It may prevent researchers from noticing other phenomena.


14	Which of the following is a disadvantage of stating hypotheses?
		A)	A hypothesis involves a philosophy of science, thus enabling one to make specific predictions on prior evidence or theoretical argument.
		B)	It may prevent researchers from noticing other phenomena.
		C)	It forces the researcher to think more deeply and specifically about the possible outcomes of a study.
		D)	It helps the researcher to see of he or she is investigating a relationship.


15	Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis?
		A)	There will be a difference between the students' reading levels.
		B)	There will be a difference between lecture and group instruction.
		C)	Group instruction is more effective than lecture in the elementary classroom.
		D)	There will be an increase in learning.

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